A short remark on the multiplicative energy of the spectrum (Q2314111)

Let $p$ be a prime and $A$ be any subset of the field $\mathbb F_p$ of $p$ elements of density $\delta$, that is, $|A|=\delta p$. For $\varepsilon>0$ the spectrum $\text{Spec}_\varepsilon(A)$ of $A$ is \[\text{Spec}_\varepsilon(A)=\left\{r\in\mathbb F_p : \left|\sum_{a\in A} e^{-2\pi i ar/p}\right|\ge \varepsilon |A|\right\}.\] The main result of the paper (Theorem 1) is: Let $R$ be any subset of $\text{Spec}_\varepsilon(A)\setminus\{0\}$ and suppose that $p\le \varepsilon^2|A|^3$. Then the multiplicative energy of $R$ satisfies \[\left|\left\{(x,y,z,y)\in R^4 : xy=zw\right\}\right|\ll \varepsilon^{-4}\delta^{-1}|R|^{3/2}.\] This result is sharp and improves on the author's corresponding result in [Sb. Math. 209, No. 4, 580--603 (2018; Zbl 1431.11025); translation from Mat. Sb. 209, No. 4, 117--142 (2018)].