On a set of weakly multiplicative systems (Q2314115)

A set of functions \(\{\varphi_k\}\) on \([0,1]\) is said to be weakly multiplicative if for any subsequence \(1\leq k_1 < k_2 < \cdots < k_s\) one has \(\int \varphi_{k_1}\cdots \varphi_{k_s}\, dx=0\). The Rademacher system \(r_k(x)=\mathrm{sgn} \sin(2^k\pi x)\) is weakly multiplicative. Let \(\Phi\) be an arbitrary Borel function on \([0,1/4]\) and let \(\Psi\) extend \(\Phi\) to be odd with respect to \(1/4\) on \([0,1/2]\) and even with respect \(1/2\) on \([0,1]\). Let \(\varphi_1\) be the unit \(L^2[0,1]\)-normalization of \(\Psi\), extended to be one-periodic on \(\mathbb{R}\) and define \(\varphi_k(x)=\varphi_1(2^{k-1} x)\). Some examples are discussed related to Rademacher and trigonometric systems. It is shown that these systems are weakly multiplicative and hence are \(S_p\) systems, meaning \(\int_0^1 |\sum c_k\varphi_k|^p dx\leq A_p(\sum_{k=1}^n c_k^2)^{p/2}\) for all \(n\). The same consequence holds if \(\Phi\) is first extended to be even with respect to \(1/4\) then to be odd with respect to \(1/2\). These ideas are used to establish that for any modulus of continuity \(\omega(\delta)\) such that \(\lim_{\delta\to 0}\frac{\omega(\delta)}{\delta}=\infty\), there exist functions \(f(x)=\sum c_{n_k}\, \varphi_{n_k}\) with \(\ell^1\) coefficients such that \(|f(x)-f(y)|\leq C\omega(|x-y|)\) for \(x,y\in [0,1]\) but \(\overline{\lim}_{\delta\to 0}\frac{|f(x+\delta)-f(x)|}{\omega(|\delta|)}\geq C>0\) for all \(x\in [0,1]\).