Lie algebra \(\mathcal{K}_{5}\) and 3-variable Laguerre-Hermite polynomials (Q2314632)

The authors study special functions from the viewpoint of being matrix elements/basis vectors connected with unitary irreducible representations of Lie groups. The basic environment uses a 5-dimensional complex Lie algebra \(\mathcal{K}_5\), generated by commutation relations between a basis of 5 elements \(\{\mathcal{I}^{\pm},\mathcal{I}^3,\mathcal{E},\mathcal{Q}\}\) \[ [\mathcal{I}^3,\mathcal{I}^{\pm}]=\pm\mathcal{I}^{\pm},\ [\mathcal{I}^3,\mathcal{Q}]=2\mathcal{Q},\ [\mathcal{I}^{+},\mathcal{I}^{-}]=\mathcal{E},\ [\mathcal{I}^{-},\mathcal{Q}]=2\mathcal{I}^{+}, \] \[ [\mathcal{I}^{+},\mathcal{Q}]=\Theta,\ [\mathcal{I}^{\pm},\mathcal{E}]=[\mathcal{I}^3,\mathcal{E}]=[\mathcal{Q},\mathcal{E}]=\Theta, \] where \(\Theta\) is the \(5\times 5\) zero matrix. And the 5-dimensional complex Lie group \(K_5\) with elements \(g(q,a,b,c,\tau)\) with complex entries and multiplication law \[ g(q,a,b,c,\tau)g(q',a',b',c',\tau')=g(q+e^{2\tau}q',a+a'+e^{\tau}cb',b+e^{\tau}b'+2e^{2\tau}cq',c+e^{-\tau}c',\tau+\tau'). \] The 3-variable Laguerre-Hermite polynomials (3VLHP) are explicitly given by \[ {}_LH_n(x,y,z)=n!\sum_{k=0}^{[\frac{n}{2}]}\,\sum_{r=0}^{n-2k}\,\frac{(-1)^rx^ry^{n-2k-r}z^k}{k!(r!)^2(n-2k-r)!}. \] The authors then show that the functions \({}_LH_n(x,y,z)t^n\) form a basis for a realization of the representation \(\uparrow_{0,1}^{'}\) of \(\mathcal{K}_5\) and for \(g\in \mathcal{K}_5\) they prove Theorem 2.1. The following implicit summation formula involving the 3VLHP \({}_LH_n(x,y,z)\) holds \begin{multline*} (1-4qzt^2)^{-(k+1)/2}\exp{\left( a+k\tau+\frac{q(y-x)^2t^2+b(y-x)t+b^2zt^2}{1-4qzt^2}\right)} \\ \times {}_LH_n\left(x,(1-4qzt^2)^{-1/2}\left(y+x\left((1-4qzt^2)^{1/2}-1\right)+2bzt+\frac{c}{t}(1-4qzt^2)\right),z\right) \\ =\sum_{\ell=0}^{\infty}\,A_{\ell k}(g){}_LH_{\ell}(x,y,z)t^{\ell-k}\ (k=0,1,2,\ldots;\ q,a,b,c,\tau\in\mathbb{C}), \end{multline*} where the \(A_{\ell k}(g)\) are given by \[ A_{\ell k}(g)=\exp{(a+k\tau)}c^{k-\ell}L_{\ell}^{(k-\ell)}(-bc), \] with \(L_{\ell}^{(k-\ell)}\) the associated Laguerre polynomials. The layout of the paper is as follows \begin{itemize} \item[\S1.] Introduction and preliminaries (\(2\frac{1}{2}\) pages) \item[\S2.] Lie algebra \(\mathcal{K}_5\) and implicit formulae (\(3\frac{1}{2}\) pages) -- contains the proof of Theorem 2.1 \item[\S3.] Examples (\(2\) pages) \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] for \(z=-\frac{1}{2}\), the 3VLHP reduce to the 2-variable Laguerre-Hermite polynomials with generating function \[ J_0(2\sqrt{xt})\exp{(yt-\frac{1}{2}t^2)}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,{}_LH_n^{\ast}(x,y)t^n. \] \item[(b)] for \(z=0\), the 3VLHP reduce to the 2-variable Laguerre polynomials \(L_n(x,y)\) with generating function \[ J_0(2\sqrt{xt})\exp{(yt)}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,L_n(x,y)\frac{t^n}{n!}. \] \item[(c)] for \(x=0\), the 3VLHP reduces to the 2-variable Hermite-Kempé de Féret polynomials \(H_n(y,z)\) defined by \[ \exp{(yt+zt^2)}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,H_n(y,z)\frac{t^n}{n!}, \] leading to implicit summation formulae \begin{multline*} \exp{(byt+b^2zt^2)}H_k(y+2bzt+\frac{c}{t},z)\\ =\sum_{\ell =0}^{\infty}\,c^{k-\ell}L_{\ell}^{(k-\ell)}(-bc)H_{\ell}(y,z)t^{\ell-k},\ k=0,1,\ldots;\ a,b,c,\tau\in\mathbb{C}, \end{multline*} \begin{multline*} (1-4qzt^2)^{-(k+1)/2}\exp{\left(\frac{qy^2t^2+byt+b^2zt^2}{1-4qzt^2}\right)}H_k\left((1-4qzt^2)^{-1/2}(y+2bzt),z\right)\\ =\sum_{\ell=0}^{\infty}\,\frac{(-q)^{(\ell-k)/2}}{(\ell-k)!}H_{\ell-k}\left(\frac{b}{2(-q)^{1/2}}\right)HJ_{\ell}(y,z)t^{\ell-k},\ k=0,1,\ldots; q,b\in\mathbb{C},\ell\geq k\geq 0, \end{multline*} \begin{multline*} (1-4qzt^2)^{-(k+1)/2}\exp{\left(\frac{qy^2t^2}{1-4qzt^2}\right)}H_k\left((1-4qzt^2)^{-1/2}(y+\frac{c}{t} (1-4qzt^2)), z\right)\\ =\sum_{\ell=0}^{\infty}\sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty}\,c^{k-\ell}k!\frac{(qc^2)^j}{j!(2j+k-\ell)!(\ell-2j)!}H_{\ell}(y,z)t^{\ell-k},\ k=0,1,\ldots; q,c\in\mathbb{C}. \end{multline*} \end{itemize} \item[\S4.] Concluding remarks In this paragraph, the authors study 3-variable Hermite-Laguerre polynomials (3VHLP; note the change in order of the H and L). These are given explicitly as a sum of 2-variable Hermite and by a generating function using 2-variable Laguerre functions. \item[\S5.] References (\(19\) items) \end{itemize}