On the failure of lower square function estimates in the non-homogeneous weighted setting (Q2314812)

The \(\sigma\)-finite measure space \((\mathcal{X},\mathcal{F},\mathfrak{u})\) is said to have an atomic filtration if there is an increasing sequence of algebras \(\{\mathcal{F}_n,\,n= 0,\pm 1,\pm 2,\dots\}\), with each algebra containning a collection \(\mathcal{D}_n\) of sets of finite positive measure, atoms, and \(A\in\mathcal{F}_n\) is a union of atoms of \(\mathcal{D}_n\). In the considerations of this paper, \(\mathcal{X}\) is the unit interval \(I = [0,1]\) of the real line, \(\mathfrak{u}\) is Lebesgue measure, and the set of atoms \(\mathcal{D}\) consists of subintervals. If \(|I|\) denotes \(v(I)\) and \(E_I(f)=\int_I f\,dv\), \(\langle f\rangle_I=|I|^{-1} E_I(f)\), then the martingale difference operator \(\Delta_I\) is defined by \(\Delta_I(f)= \sum_{I^\prime\in h(I)}\{E_I(f)- E_{I^\prime}(f)\}\), where the subclass ch\((I)\) of \(\mathcal{D}\) are termed children. The weighted \(L^2\)-norm on the space \(L^{2,w}(I)\) with weight function \(w\) is defined by \(\Vert f\Vert_{2,w}= (\int_I |f|^2 wd\mathfrak{u})^{1/2}\). The weight function \(w\) is said to satisfy the martingale \(A^2\)-condition or the classical \(A^2\)-condition if, respectively, \([w]_{2,\mathcal{D}}= \sup\{\langle w\rangle_I \langle w^{-I}\rangle_I\}<\infty\), and \([w]^{\text{cl}_2}= \sup\{\langle w\rangle_I\langle w^{-1}\rangle_I\}<\infty\), and the weight function is said to satisfy the semi-classical \(A_\infty\)-condition if \([w]_{\infty,scl}= \sup MI(w>_J/\langle w\rangle_I<\infty]\). The main theorems of this paper include statements that (i) in the estimate \(\Vert f\Vert_{2,w}<2[w]_{2,\mathcal{D}}\Vert S(f)\Vert_{2,w}\), the constant terms are optimal, so that if \(A>1\), then there is a weight function \(u\) and a function \(g\) such that \(\Vert g\Vert_{2,u}> A\Vert S(g)\Vert_{2,u}= [u]_{2,\mathcal{D}}\Vert S(g)\Vert_{2,w}\) and (ii) there is a weight function \(a\) satisfying the classical \(A_\infty\)-condition and a sequence \(\{f_j,\, j=1,2,\dots\}\) of functions \(L^{2,w}(I)\) such that \(S(f_j)\Vert_{2,w}= I\) and \(\Vert f_j\Vert_{2,w}\to \infty\) as \(j\to \infty\).