No immersed 2-knot with at most one self-intersection point has triple point number two or three (Q2315326)

An embedded or immersed surface-knot is the image of a locally flat embedding or generic immersion into \(\mathbb{R}^4\), respectively, of a connected closed (possibly nonorientable) surface. In particular, when the surface is a 2-sphere, the surface-knot is called a 2-knot. Two surface-knots are equivalent if they are related by an ambient isotopy of \(\mathbb{R}^4\). For an embedded/immersed surface-knot \(F\), the triple point number is the minimum number of triple points for all diagrams of surface-knots equivalent to \(F\). The main results are as follows. There does not exist an orientable immersed surface-knot with the triple point number one. There does not exist an immersed 2-knot with at most one self-intersection point with the triple point number two or three. These results are generalizations of \textit{S. Satoh}'s results [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 128, No. 9, 2789--2793 (2000; Zbl 0962.57017) and Osaka J. Math. 42, No. 3, 543--556 (2005; Zbl 1088.57018)]. The author gives the proof by investigating the types of triple points.