Fractal theory of Saturn's ring. II: Electromagnetic phenomena (Q2317222)

This article is a continuation of the author's previous paper [ibid. 291, 87--101 (2015; Zbl 1337.85001); translation from Tr. Mat. Inst. Steklova 291, 95--111 (2015)]. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a theory that explains the origin of the electric charges in thunderclouds and to apply this methodology to the Saturn ringlets and to the problem of the Earth's magnetic field generation. The developed theory is based on the Couette flow of the electron Fermi liquid. In the frame of this theory, the author uses the well-known Boltzmann equation \[\frac{\partial}{\partial t}f+\nu\frac{\partial}{\partial r}f = -\frac{e}{m}(E+\mathbf{u}\times B)+I( f,f).\tag{1} \] Here \(f(r,v,t)\) is the distribution function of electrons with velocity \(v\) in space position \(r\) at moment \(t\). \(I(f,f)\) is the collision integral, \(E\) is the electric field intensity, and \(B\) is the magnetic field intensity. In the author's work, Equation (1) is written with errors and he does not explain how the electric field \(E\) and magnetic field \(B\) are determined. In fact, the electronic Fermi liquid is a quantum system; therefore, to describe such a system, instead of Equation (1), one must use the quantum Boltzmann equation. Splitting \(v\) into an average velocity \(u\) and a thermal velocity \(w: v=u+w\), with \(\int wf\,dv=0)\), and using Equation (1), the author reduces the study of the problem to the analysis of stationary macroscopic equations of continuity and motion for a concentration \(n\) and an average velocity \(u\) of charged particles. \[ \frac{\partial n}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial}{\partial r}(nu)=0,\tag{2} \] \[ nm\frac{\partial}{\partial t}u+u\frac{\partial}{\partial r}u(n)=-\frac{\partial}{\partial r}P+en(E+\mathbf{u}\times B)+\int vI(f,f)dv\tag{3} \] In the author's work, Equation (3) is written with errors, and it is not described how the term \(\int vI(f,f)dv\) is calculated. Using Equations (2) and (3), the author formulates Problem 1 ``to find new steady state equilibrium'' and tries to prove Theorem 1 ``Under the conditions of Problem 1, an electrical double layer is generated in the vicinity of the domain.'' To prove the theorem formulated above, the author assumes the presence of an electric current in the Couette shear flow region. He also assumes that this current \(J\) violates the local electrical neutrality of the plasma. In the author's work, Equation (6) for the drift-diffusion current is written with errors. In the presence of a magnetic field, it should have the form: \[ \vec{J}+[\vec{J}\times\vec{\Omega}]=-en\mu\vec{E}+eD\nabla n. \] Here, \(\Omega\) is the Hall parameter. Considering the presence of electric current, the author tries to find a new equilibrium state of the charged system using model equations that are not related to the previously derived system (Equations (2) and (3)) and contain parameters that can only be determined in experiments. Based on the results cited by the author, I believe that Theorem 1 has not been proved. As the author correctly says, in the thundercloud of the Earth and the Saturn's rings, the electric charge is concentrated on solid particles of dust, ice, drops of water and clusters. In my opinion, the behavior of these charged particles cannot be reduced to a quantum Fermi liquid.