Arithmetic and \(k\)-maximality of the cyclic free magma (Q2317377)

In this paper, the author explores the structure of submagmas. The purpose is to put on the definable operations over trees and the treatment is rather computational than algebraic. The main theoretical feature of free magmas relies on the fact that any structure with only one operation can be obtained from a free magma via quotient. According to the author ``in spite of computational applications or the utility in Lie algebras, the interest of the free magmas seems to be relegated to that fundamental fact, and algebra textbooks usually introduce them only as a preamble for subsequent more standard structures such semigroups, monoids or groups''. One of the author's contributions to this paper is a characterization of a free magma as a graded and equidecomsable magma. In Section 2, the author introduces free magmas. In Section 3, he presents the arithmetic of \(M\). In Sections 4 and 5, he introduces submagmas and generators and ideals and principal ideals, respectively. The main contribution of the author is given in Sections 6 and 7 which introduces maximality and the additive prime sets. He exhibits a method to calculate all of them, that allows us to identify the first positions of \(\mathrm{Sub}(M)\), (submagma \(M\)) (see Theorem 6.10, and Lemma 7.6).