On the instability tongues of the Hill equation coupled with a conservative nonlinear oscillator (Q2320183)

The authors consider a class of parameterized Hill equations given by \[ z''(t)+ (\beta +g(u(t,q)))z(t)=0, \] where the periodic coefficient depends on the solution \(u=u(t,q) \) of the IVP for a nonlinear 2nd order equation, \[ u''(t)+4u(t)+f(u(t))=0. \] The authors follow a very interesting style of giving the special cases of the equations \((0.1)\) and \((0.2)\) and describing the specific details in each case. Their main focus is on studying the asymptotic properties of the instability region of equation \((0.1),\) which is given by the union of unbouned interval \((-\infty, \beta_0^\pm q)\) and \(I_N\), \(N=1,2,\dots\) whose end part \(\beta_0^\pm\) are the \(T_q\) periodic or \(T_q\) anti periodic eigenvalues for even \(N\) or odd \(N\) respectively. They discuss about the asymptotic length \(L_N(q)\) and prove a result on the order of tangency of the instablity tangues, \(L_N(q)\). They study two types of problems. \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] the order of tangnecy of \(\beta _{N}(q)^{\pm}\) as \(q \rightarrow 0,\) \item[(ii)] the shape of the instability tangues for small values of \(q.\) \end{itemize} They apply their work to suspension bridges and illustrate it with a few examples.