The adelic space of a torus over a function field (Q2326264)

As an extension of classical problems over number fields, the arithmetic of algebraic groups over function fields with general constant fields has received attention from a number of researchers in recent years. Let \(X\) be a smooth projective curve over a field \(k\) of characteristic 0 and let \(K=k(X)\) be its function field. Consider a connected linear algebraic group \(G\) over \(K\). When \(k\) is an algebraically closed field, a \(p\)-adic field or the Laurent series field \(\mathbb{C}((t))\), weak approximation and related local-global questions were studied in previous works by Colliot-Thélène, Gille, Harari, Scheiderer, Szamuely, et al. For any finite set \(S\) of closed points of \(X\), one can also consider the space \(G(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)\) of adèlic points of \(G\) outside \(S\) and ask whether strong approximation (i.e., density of \(G(K)\) in \(G(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)\)) holds. When \(k\) is algebraically closed and \(S\neq\emptyset\), \textit{J.-L. Colliot-Thélène} proved in [Eur. J. Math. 4, No. 1, 177--184 (2018; Zbl 1401.20054)] that strong approximation holds for a semisimple group \(G\) but it may fail when \(G\) is a torus. The paper under review extends Colliot-Thélène's work and obtain further results about adèlic spaces of tori in not only the case with \(k\) algebraically closed but also the cases of \(p\)-adic fields or the field \(\mathbb{C}((t))\). To give precise statements of the main results, let \(T\) be a \(K\)-torus, with character group \(\hat{T}\) and dual torus \(T'\). For a discrete abelian group \(B\), write \(B^D=\mathrm{Hom}_c(B,\,\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z})\). In this paper, the authors first prove that for any constant field \(k\) (of characteristic 0), \(T(K)\) is a discrete (hence closed) subspace of \(T(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)\). Therefore, strong approximation for \(T\) never holds if \(\dim T>0\). In three interesting special cases, one can further describe the quotient \(A(S,\,T):=T(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)/T(K)\) as follows: (1) For \(k\) algebraically closed, it is shown that \(A(S,\,T)\) is divisible when \(S\neq\emptyset\). (This actually holds for any connected linear algebraic group \(G\) in place of \(T\).) For \(S=\emptyset\), the quotient \(A(\emptyset,\,T)\) by its maximal divisible subgroup is finitely generated of rank equal to \(\mathrm{rank}\, H^0(K,\,\hat{T})\). There is also a Poitou-Tate sequence for \(T\), from which one can deduce a reciprocity map \(r: A(\emptyset,\,T)\to H^0(K,\,\hat{T}\otimes\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(-1))^D\) having divisible kernel and dense image. (2) For \(k=\mathbb{C}((t))\), a reciprocity map \(r: A(\emptyset,\,T)\to H^2(K,\,\hat{T})^D\) is obtained, its kernel is divisible and its topological cokernel (i.e., quotient by the closure of its image) is dual to the Tate-Shafarevich group {Sh}\(^2(K,\,\hat{T})\) and is in general infinite. (3) For \(k\) a \(p\)-adic field, there is a reciprocity map \(r: A(\emptyset,\,T)\to H^2(K,\,T')^D\). The kernel of \(r\) is the maximal divisible subgroup of \(A(\emptyset,\,T)\) and the topological cokernel is isomorphic to the finite group {Sh}\(^1(K,\,T)\). Notice that in the above three cases, the function field \(K\) has cohomological dimension 1, 2 and 3 respectively.