Function spaces and extension results for nonlocal Dirichlet problems (Q2326488)

A simple example of a nonlocal Dirichlet problem is considered, where \(\Omega=B_1\subset \mathbb R^d\) is the unit ball and \(0<s<1\): $$ \lim_{\epsilon \to 0}\int_{\mathbb R^d\backslash B_{\epsilon}} \frac{u(x+h)-u(x)}{|h|^{d+2s}}\,dh=0,\quad x\in \Omega\text{ and }u(x)=g(x) \text{ for }x\in\mathbb R^d\backslash \Omega. $$ In relation to this problem, the authors study the existence of linear extension operators \(\text{ext}\) which map $L^p_{loc}(\Omega^c)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), to suitable spaces of measurable functions defined on $\mathbb R^d$. In particular, they prove the existence of the operator \(\text{ext}\) which maps $L^p_{loc}(\Omega^c)$ to measurable functions defined on $\mathbb R^d $ such that $$(1-s)\int_{\Omega}\int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{|\text{ext}(f)(x)-\text{ext}(f)(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{d+s}}\, dy dx \asymp \int_{\Omega^c}\int_{\Omega^c}\frac{|f(x)-f(y)|^p}{(|x-y|+\delta_x+\delta_y)^{d+sp}}\,dydx$$ where $\delta_z=\text{dist}(z,\partial \Omega)$ for $z\in \mathbb R^d$, when $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^d$ is open, interior thick and exterior thick, such that $\partial\Omega$ has Lebesgue measure zero, and inner radius \(\text{inr}(\Omega)<\infty\) or \(\text{inr}(\Omega_c)=\infty\) (Theorem 3). From these results, when $s\to 1^{-}$, the authors obtain new results for classical Sobolev spaces.