Periodic solutions for implicit evolution inclusions (Q2327329)

The object of study in the paper is a nonlinear implicit evolution inclusion under a periodic condition, namely \[ \left\{\begin{array}{l} \dfrac{d}{dt}B(u(t)) + A(t,u(t)) \ni 0 \mbox{ for almost all } t\in [0,b],\\ B(u(0))=B(u(b)), \end{array}\right\} \] where: \(B\in\mathcal{L}(X,X^*)\); \(A:[0,b]\times X\to 2^{X^*}\) is a map measurable in \(t\in [0,b]\) and such that, for a.a. \(t\in [0,b]\), \(A(t,\cdot)\) is bounded and pseudo-monotone; \((X,H,X^*)\) is an evolution triple of Hilbert spaces; \(\mathcal{L}(X,X^*)\) is the space of all bounded linear operators from \(X\) to \(X^*\). It's remarkable that, unlike what occurs in contemporary literature, the multifunction \(A\) is nonlinear, nonmonotone, and time-varying. Combining an approximation technique with a surjectivity result for parabolic operators of monotone type, the existence of periodic solutions is provided. The existence theorem is then applied to an initial boundary value problem, where \(A\) is led by the subdifferential of a continuous but not \(C^1\)-convex functional.