Hausdorff dimension of unions of affine subspaces and of Furstenberg-type sets (Q2327717)

Summary: We prove that for any \(1 \leq k n\) and \(s\leq 1\), the union of any nonempty \(s\)-Hausdorff dimensional family of \(k\)-dimensional affine subspaces of \(\mathbb R^n\) has Hausdorff dimension \(k + s\). More generally, we show that for any \(0 \alpha \leq k\), if \(B \subset \mathbb R^n\) and \(E\) is a nonempty collection of \(k\)-dimensional affine subspaces of \(\mathbb R^n\) such that every \(P \in E\) intersects \(B\) in a set of Hausdorff dimension at least \(\alpha\), then dim \(B \geq 2 \alpha - k + \min(\dim E, 1)\), where dim denotes the Hausdorff dimension. As a consequence, we generalize the well-known Furstenberg-type estimate that every \(\alpha\)-Furstenberg set has Hausdorff dimension at least \(2 \alpha\); we strengthen a theorem of \textit{K. Falconer} and \textit{P. Mattila} [J. Fractal Geom. 3, No. 4, 319--329 (2016; Zbl 1365.28003)]; and we show that for any \(0 \leq k n\), if a set \(A \subset \mathbb R^n\) contains the \(k\)-skeleton of a rotated unit cube around every point of \(\mathbb R^n\), or if \(A\) contains a \(k\)-dimensional affine subspace at a fixed positive distance from every point of \(\mathbb R^n\), then the Hausdorff dimension of \(A\) is at least \(k + 1\).