Two semilinear Dirichlet problems ``almost'' in duality (Q2328187)

The main goal of this paper is to study two semi-linear Dirichlet problems. The linear parts are a problem with singular convection term and a problem with singular drift. The nonlinear lower order terms have a regularizing effect: the solutions of the corresponding linear problems are less regular. More especifically, the author considers two boundary value problems, and the main goal is to show existence of weak, or distributional solutions. Taking advantage of the presence of a non-linear lower order term, inspired by [\textit{H. Brézis} and \textit{W. A. Strauss}, J. Math. Soc. Japan 25, 565--590 (1973; Zbl 0278.35041); \textit{G. R. Cirmi}, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 25, No. 6, 569--580 (1995; Zbl 0863.35039)], the singular term \(E\) is allowed to have summability \(r<N\). The author improves the summability properties of the solutions, with respect to the linear case of [\textit{L. Boccardo}, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. (9) 2, No. 1, 285--297 (2009; Zbl 1178.35367); ESAIM, Control Optim. Calc. Var. 25, Paper No. 47, 13 p. (2019; Zbl 1437.35231)]. Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\) be open, bounded, for \(N>2\), \(f\in L^m(\Omega)\), \(m\ge 1\), and \(M(x)\) a bounded and measurable matrix such that for \(0<\alpha\le\beta\), \[\alpha|\xi|^2\le M(x)\xi\xi, \ \ \ |M(x)|\le\beta, \ \text{a.e.} \ \ x\in\Omega, \ \ \forall\xi\in \mathbb{R}^N.\] The first problem considered (singular convection term) consists of \[ -\text{div}(M(x)\nabla u)+\alpha_0u|u|^{\lambda-1}=-\text{div}(uE(x))+f(x) \ \ \text{ in } \Omega, \] \[ u=0 \ \ \text{ on } \partial\Omega. \] Here \(\lambda > 1\) and \(\alpha_0 > 0, E\in (L^r(\Omega))^N\), for some \(2 < r < N\) with \(r \ge \frac{2m\lambda}{\lambda-1}\). Assuming \(1 < m < \frac{N(\lambda-1)}{2\lambda}\), and other conditions on \(\lambda, m, N\), the author proves existence of a solution \(u\in L^{m\lambda}(\Omega)\), \(u|E|\in L^{\frac{2m\lambda}{\lambda+1}}(\Omega)\) such that \(u\in W^{1,q}_0(\Omega)\), for a certain \(q=q(\lambda,m,N)\). The second problem considered (singular drift) consists of \[ -\text{div}(M(x)\nabla u)+\alpha_0u|u|^{\lambda-1}=E(x)\cdot \nabla u+f(x), \ \ \text{ in } \Omega, \] \[ u=0 \ \ \text{ on } \partial\Omega. \] Here \(\lambda > 1\) and \(\alpha_0 > 0\), \(E\in (L^r(\Omega))^N\), for some \(2 < r < N\) with \(r \ge\frac{2m\lambda}{\lambda-1}\). The author proves existence of a solution \(u\in W^{1,q}_0(\Omega)\), with the same \(q=q(\lambda,m,N)\) from the other problem.