Duality of isosceles tetrahedra (Q2329389)

An \(n\)-simplex \(S\) is said to be well-centered if its circumcenter lies in the interior of \(S\). The unique \(n\)-simplex whose vertices are the points of contact of the inscribed sphere to \(S\) is called the dual n-simplex of \(S\) and denoted by \(S'\). Well-centered simplices play an important role in numerical solution of partial differential equations by the finite element method, see e.g. [the first author et al., SIAM Rev. 51, No. 2, 317--335 (2009; Zbl 1172.51012); \textit{R. Hošek}, Appl. Math., Praha 60, No. 6, 637--651 (2015; Zbl 1363.65209); the second author and \textit{J. Pradlová}, Numer. Methods Partial Differ. Equations 16, No. 3, 327--334 (2000; Zbl 0957.65012)]. We know from our work [Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. Eng. 126, 761--768 (2018; Zbl 1429.51007)] that an \(n\)-simplex is well-centered if and only if its vertices do not lie on a hemisphere of the circumscribed sphere. Using this result it is proved that every dual \(n\)-simplex is well-centered. Moreover, the authors prove that every \(n\)-simplex is well-centered if and only if it is a dual of a simplex. The authors also investigated in this article, whether the dual or the dual of the dual of triangles or tetrahedra \(S\) is similar to \(S\), respectively. It is demonstrated that starting with any triangle the iteration (of duals) converges to an equilateral triangle. In [the authors, loc. cit.], the authors prove that if \(T\) and \((T^{'})^{'}\) are similar, then \(T\) is an isosceles tetrahedron. Here, it is shown that for an arbitrary isosceles tetrahedron \(T\) the dual \(T^{'}\) is also an isosceles tetrahedron and \(T\) and \((T^{'})^{'}\) are similar.