On the speciality of Tortkara algebras (Q2330428)

An algebra is called (right) Zinbiel if it satisfies the identity \(a(bc) = (ab + ba)c\). (The corresponding operad is Koszul dual to the Leibniz operad). An algebra is called Tortkara if it is anticommutative and satisfies the identity \((ab)(cb) = J(a,b,c)b\), where \(J(a,b,c)\) is the Jacobiator of elements \(a,b,c\). These two classes of algebras are related in the following way: if \(A\) is a Zinbiel algebra, then its ``minus'' algebra, whose multiplication is defined by the commutator \([a,b] = ab - ba\) for \(a,b \in A\), is a Tortkara algebra. The paper is devoted to the classical problem of speciality, posed for the pair (Zinbiel, Tortkara): which Tortkara algebras are special, i.e. embedded into a minus algebra of a suitable Zinbiel algebra? The authors obtain a criterion of speciality of Tortkara algebras, by characterizing Lie and Jordan elements in free Zinbiel algebras. A basis of free Tortkara algebras is constructed. This is achieved by heavy and skillful combinatorial computations in the corresponding free algebras. The authors also establish speciality of certain Tortkara algebras defined on polynomials, with multiplication defined by double integration, and pose further questions.