Invariants in separated variables: Yang-Baxter, entwining and transfer maps (Q2330819)

The author presents the explicit form of a family of Liouville integrable maps in 3 variables, the so-called triad family of maps, and he proposes a multi-field generalisation of the latter. He shows that by imposing separability of variables to the invariants of this family of maps, the \(H_I\), \(H_{II}\) and \(H^A_{III}\) Yang-Baxter maps in general position of singularities emerge. Two different methods to obtain entwining Yang-Baxter maps are also presented. The outcomes of the first method are entwining maps associated with the \(H_I\), \(H_{II}\) and \(H^A_{III}\) Yang-Baxter maps, whereas by the second method he obtains non-periodic entwining maps associated with the whole \(F\) and \(H\)-list of quadrirational Yang-Baxter maps. Finally, he shows how the transfer maps associated with the \(H\)-list of Yang-Baxter maps can be considered as the \((k-1)\)-iteration of some maps of simpler form. The author refers to these maps as extended transfer maps and in turn they lead to \(k\)-point alternating recurrences which can be considered as alternating versions of some hierarchies of discrete Painlevé equations. This paper is organized as follows: the first section is an introduction to the subject. In Section 2 the author presents an explicit formula for Adler's triad map as well as he proves the Liouville integrability of the latter. He also proposes an extension of the triad map in \(k\geq3\) number of variables. If one imposes separability to the variables of the invariants of the triad map, the \(H_I\), the \(H_{II}\) and the \(H^A_{III}\) Yang-Baxter maps in general positions of singularities, emerge. This is presented in Section 3 together with the explicit formulae for these maps. In Section 4, the author develops two methods to obtain non-equivalent entwining maps [\textit{T. E. Kouloukas} and \textit{V. G. Papageorgiou}, Banach Cent. Publ. 93, 163--175 (2011; Zbl 1248.81087)]. The first method gives entwining maps associated with the \(H_I\), \(H_{II}\) and the \(H^A_{III}\) members of the \(H\)-list of Yang-Baxter maps. The second one produces entwining maps for the whole \(F\)-list and the \(H\)-list. The author presents the entwining maps associated with the \(H\)-list of quadrirational Yang-Baxter maps only. In Section 5, the author re-factorises the transfer maps [\textit{A. P. Veselov}, Phys. Lett., A 314, No. 3, 214--221 (2003; Zbl 1051.81014)] associated with the \(H\)-list of Yang-Baxter maps. He shows that the transfer maps coincide with the \((k-1)\)-iteration of some maps of simpler form that he refers to as extended transfer maps. Moreover, He shows that the extended transfer maps, after an integration followed by a change of variables, are written as \(k\)-point recurrences, which some of them can be considered as alternating versions of discrete Painlevé hierarchies [\textit{C. Cresswell} and \textit{N. Joshi}, J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 32, No. 4, 655--669 (1999; Zbl 0978.39013)], [\textit{M. Hay}, J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 40, No. 34, 10457--10471 (2007; Zbl 1126.39016)], [\textit{M. Noumi} and \textit{Y. Yamada}, Commun. Math. Phys. 199, No. 2, 281--295 (1998; Zbl 0952.37031)]. In Section 6 the author ends this paper with some conclusions and perspectives.