Multiplicity of positive solutions to nonlinear systems of Hammerstein integral equations with weighted functions (Q2332302)

Given a bounded domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) and continuous maps \(h_i: \overline\Omega\to[0,\infty)\), \(k_i:\overline \Omega\times\overline\Omega \to [0,\infty)\), and \(f_i:\overline \Omega\times[0,\infty)\times [0,\infty)\) \((i=1,2)\), the authors consider for \(\lambda_1,\lambda_2>0\) the coupled system \[\begin{cases} u(x)=\lambda_1\int_{\overline\Omega}k_1 (x,y)h_1(y)f_1(y,u(y), v(y))dy,\\ v(x)=\lambda_2\int_{\overline\Omega} k_2(x,y)h_2(y) f_2(y,u(y),v(y))dy \tag{\(\ast\)}\end{cases}\] under several assumptions on the data (too numerous and technical to be recalled here). The main result reads as follows: there exists a simple are \(\Gamma\) in the positive quadrant \((0,\infty)\times(0,\infty)\) which separates the quadrant into two disjoint subsets \(\mathcal{O}_1\) and \(\mathcal{O}_2\) such that the system (\(\ast\)) has at least two solutions for \((\lambda_1,\lambda_2) \in\mathcal{O}_1\) and no solution for \((\lambda_1,\lambda_2)\in \mathcal{O}_2\). In the last part of the paper an example is presented which shows that the hypotheses are not contradictory. An interesting application to the system of boundary value problems \[\begin{cases} -u''(x)=\lambda_1h_1(x)f_1(x,u(x),v(x)), \\ -u''(x)=\lambda_2h_2(x) f_2(x,u(x), v(x)), \\ u(0)=u(1)=v(0)=v'(1)=0\end{cases}\] for \(\Omega=(0,1)\) is also given.