Subspace controllability of bipartite symmetric spin networks (Q2332450)

This manuscript deals with a class of spin networks where each spin in a certain set interacts, via Ising coupling, with a set of central spins, and the control acts simultaneously on all the spins. Controllability of finite dimensional quantum systems, described by a Schrödinger equation of the form \[ |\dot{\Psi}\rangle =\Big( A+ \sum_j B_ju_j(t) | \Psi \Big \rangle,\tag{1} \] is usually assessed by computing the dynamical Lie algebra \(\mathcal{G}\) generated by the matrices in \(u(N)\), \(A\) and \(B_j\). The authors consider spin networks where the spins are arranged in two sets, a set \(P\) and a set \(C\), and where the Ising interaction is exclusively between each spin of the set \(C\) and each spin of the set \(P\). The model Hamiltonian is symmetric with respect to permutations on the spins in \(C\) and the spins in \(P\). Due to the permutation symmetries of the network, the system is not globally controllable but it displays invariant subspaces of the underlying Hilbert space. The system is said to be subspace controllable if it is controllable on each of these subspaces. The authors characterize the given invariant subspaces and the dynamical Lie algebra of this class of systems and prove subspace controllability in every case. This is the first intermediate case between two extremes cases of all indistinguishable and all distinguishable spins previously treated in the literature. The full symmetric group acts on each set of spins without modifying the Hamiltonian which describes the dynamics. A common electromagnetic field is used for control. The dynamical Lie algebra has been computed and proved that such a system is subspace controllable, that is full controllability is verified on each invariant subsystem. Quantum evolution is a parallel of the evolution of various subsystems and one of them can be used to perform various tasks of, for instance, quantum computation and/or simulation. In the last section, the authors also give generalizations of their results to 1) the case of different interactions among the spins 2) nonzero interactions among the spins in the set \(C\) and-or in the set \(P\). They also discuss how the results are affected by small changes in the dynamical Hamiltonian which break the symmetries of the model.