A proof of Bertrand's theorem using the theory of isochronous potentials (Q2333292)

The Bertrand's theorem states that, among all central fields of forces, there are only two types of central-force scalar potentials, namely the gravitational potential and the radial harmonic oscillator potential, such that all bounded orbits are closed orbits as well. In this paper, the authors apply the theory of isochronous potentials developed by \textit{M. Urabe} [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 11, 27--33 (1962; Zbl 0134.07205)] to obtain interesting results on the behavior of the potential at the end points of the region of isochronicity. Then, they prove that there exist only two families of certain type of potentials which were $T$-isochronous for some $T > 0$. Finally, the Bertrand's theorem follows as a corollary of the isochronicity of a certain family of centers.