On the multiple holomorph of groups of squarefree or odd prime power order (Q2333368)

Given a group \(G\), write \(\mathrm{Perm}(G)\) for the group of permutations on the set \(G\). Let \(\rho : G \to \mathrm{Perm}(G)\) be the right regular representation, and define the (permutational) holomorph \(\mathrm{Hol}(G)\) of \(G\) as the normaliser in \(\mathrm{Perm}(G)\) of the image \(\rho(G)\) of \(\rho\). This is isomorphic to the (abstract) holomorph of \(G\), that is, the natural semidirect product of \(G\) by its automorphism group \(\Aut(G)\). In general, \(\mathrm{Perm}(G)\) will contain regular subgroups other than \(\rho(G)\) and \(\lambda(G)\), the latter being the image of the left regular representation. \textit{G. A. Miller} [Math. Ann. 66, 133--142 (1909; JFM 39.0200.02)] considered the set \(\mathcal{H}_{0}(G)\) of the regular subgroups \(N\) of \(\mathrm{Perm}(G)\) which are isomorphic to \(G\), and have the same holomorph as \(G\), in the sense that the normaliser of \(N\) in \(\mathrm{Perm}(G)\) coincides with \(\mathrm{Hol}(G)\), and showed that the multiple holomorph \(\mathrm{NHol}(G)\) of \(G\), that is, the normaliser of \(\mathrm{Hol}(G)\) in \(\mathrm{Perm}(G)\), acts transitively on \(\mathcal{H}_{0}(G)\), so that the quotient group \(T(G) =\mathrm{NHol}(G) / \mathrm{Hol}(G)\) acts regularly on \(\mathcal{H}_{0}(G)\). Recently, \textit{T. Kohl} [Commun. Algebra 43, No. 10, 4290--4304 (2015; Zbl 1342.20001)] spawned renewed interest in the structure of \(T(G)\), noting in particular that in the known examples \(T(G)\) happened to be a \(2\)-group, and often an elementary abelian one. The group \(T(G)\) has been investigated for various classes of groups by the reviewer and \textit{F. Dalla Volta} for finitely generated abelian groups [J. Algebra 481, 327--347 (2017; Zbl 1448.20004)] and for finite, centreless, perfect groups [J. Algebra 507, 81--102 (2018; Zbl 1418.20008)], and the author for finite almost simple groups [New York J. Math. 25, 949--963 (2019; Zbl 1505.20003)]; for a group \(G\) in one of these classes, \(T(G)\) turns out to be an elementary abelian \(2\)-group. The reviewer showed in [J. Algebra 516, 352--372 (2018; Zbl 1425.20003)] that if \(G\) is a finite \(p\)-group of nilpotence class \(2\), where \(p\) is an odd prime, then \(T(G)\) contains a cyclic subgroup of order \(p-1\), and thus is not a \(2\)-group, unless \(p\) is a Fermat prime. In the paper under review, two classes of groups are considered. It is first shown that if \(G\) is a finite group of square-free order, then \(T(G)\) is an elementary abelian \(2\)-group. Then the above result of the reviewer [loc. cit.] is extended to finite \(p\)-groups of nilpotence class less than \(p\).