Non-radial solutions to a bi-harmonic equation with negative exponent (Q2334527)

The authors construct positive non-radial solutions to the equation \[ \Delta^2+u^{-q}=0\qquad\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^3,\tag{1} \] where \(q>1\). The three main results in this paper are as follows: Theorem 1.1. Assume \(u\) is a solution to (1) and \[ \beta:=\frac{1}{8\pi}\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}u^{-q} dx<\infty. \] Then, up to a rotation and a translation \(u\) satisfies \[ u(x)=(\beta+o(1))|x|+\sum_{i\in I_1}a_ix_i^2+\sum_{i\in I_2}b_ix_i+c\quad\text{ as }|x|\to \infty, \] where \(I_1,I_2\subseteq\{1,2,3\}\), \(I_1\cap I_2=\emptyset\), \(a_i>0\) (for \(i\in I_1\)), \(|b_i|<\beta\) (for \(i\in I_2\)) and \(c>0\). Theorem 1.2. For every \(\kappa_2>\kappa_1>0\) there exists a non-radial solution \(u\) of (1) such that \[ \liminf_{|x|\to\infty}\frac{u(x)}{|x|^2}=\kappa_1\quad\text{ and }\quad \limsup_{|x|\to\infty}\frac{u(x)}{|x|^2}=\kappa_2. \] Theorem 1.3. Assume \(q>7\). Then, for every \(\kappa>0\) there exists a non-radial solution \(u\) of (1) such that \[ \liminf_{|x|\to\infty}\frac{u(x)}{|x|}\in (0, \infty)\quad\text{ and }\quad \limsup_{|x|\to\infty}\frac{u(x)}{|x|^2}=\kappa. \]