Clar structure and fries set of fullerenes and \((4,6)\)-fullerenes on surfaces (Q2336213)

Summary: Fowler and Pisanski showed that the Fries number for a fullerene on surface \(\Sigma\) is bounded above by \(| V | / 3\), and fullerenes which attain this bound are exactly the class of leapfrog fullerenes on surface \(\Sigma\). We showed that the Clar number of a fullerene on surface \(\Sigma\) is bounded above by \((| V | / 6) - \chi(\Sigma)\), where \(\chi(\Sigma)\) stands for the Euler characteristic of \(\Sigma\). By establishing a relation between the extremal fullerenes and the extremal (4,6)-fullerenes on the sphere, Hartung characterized the fullerenes on the sphere \(S_0\) for which Clar numbers attain \((| V | / 6) - \chi(S_0)\). We prove that, for a \((4,6)\)-fullerene on surface \(\Sigma\), its Clar number is bounded above by \((| V | / 6) + \chi(\Sigma)\) and its Fries number is bounded above by \((| V | / 3)+\chi(\Sigma)\), and we characterize the \((4,6)\)-fullerenes on surface \(\Sigma\) attaining these two bounds in terms of perfect Clar structure. Moreover, we characterize the fullerenes on the projective plane \(N_1\) for which Clar numbers attain \((| V | / 6) - \chi(N_1)\) in Hartung's method.