Quantum information: a brief overview and some mathematical aspects (Q2337233)

Summary: The aim of the present paper is twofold. First, to give the main ideas behind quantum computing and quantum information, a field based on quantum-mechanical phenomena. Therefore, a short review is devoted to (i) \textit{quantum bits} or qubits (and more generally \textit{qudits}), the analogues of the usual bits 0 and 1 of the classical information theory, and to (ii) two characteristics of quantum mechanics, namely, \textit{linearity}, which manifests itself through the superposition of qubits and the action of unitary operators on qubits, and \textit{entanglement} of certain multi-qubit states, a resource that is specific to quantum mechanics. A, second, focus is on some mathematical problems related to the so-called \textit{mutually unbiased bases} used in quantum computing and quantum information processing. In this direction, the construction of mutually unbiased bases is presented via two distinct approaches: one based on the group \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\) and the other on Galois fields and Galois rings.