Einstein-Weyl structures on almost cosymplectic manifolds (Q2338599)

If \(M\) is a \((2n+1)\)-dimensional smooth manifold, then an almost contact structure on \(M\) is a triple \((\varphi,\xi,\eta)\), where \(\varphi\) is a \((1,1)\)-tensor field, \(\xi\) is a unit vector field, called Reeb vector field, \(\eta\) is a one-form dual to \(\xi\) satisfying \(\varphi^2=-I+\eta\otimes\xi\) and \(\eta\circ\varphi=0\). A smooth manifold with such a structure is called an almost contact manifold. A Riemannian metric \(g\) on \(M\) is called compatible with the almost contact structure if \(g(\varphi X,\varphi Y)=g(X,Y)-\eta(X)\eta(Y)\), \(g(X,\xi)=\eta(X)\) for any vector fields \(X\), \(Y\). An almost contact structure together with a compatible metric \(\Sigma=(\varphi,\xi,\eta,g)\) is called an almost contact metric structure and \((M,\Sigma)\) is called an almost contact metric manifold. An almost contact structure \((\varphi,\xi,\eta)\) is said to be normal if the corresponding complex structure \(J\) on \(M\times\mathbb{R}\) is integrable. If \(\omega\) is the fundamental 2-form on \(M\) defined by \(\omega(X,Y)=g(\varphi X,Y)\), then an almost contact metric manifold \((M,\Sigma)\) such that the fundamental form \(\omega\) and 1-form \(\eta\) satisfy \(\eta=0\) and \(d\omega=2\alpha\,\eta\wedge\omega\) is called an almost \(\alpha\)-cosymplectic manifold, where \(\alpha\) is a real number. A normal almost \(\alpha\)-cosymplectic manifold is called \(\alpha\)-cosymplectic manifold. \(M\) is an almost cosymplectic manifold if \(\alpha=0\) and is called an almost Kenmotsu manifold if \(\alpha=1\). An almost cosymplectic manifold \((M,\Sigma)\) is called a \(K\)-cosymplectic manifold if the Reeb vector field \(\xi\) is Killing. If the curvature tensor \(R\) of an almost cosymplectic manifold \((M,\Sigma)\) satisfies \(R(X,Y)g=\kappa(\eta(Y)X-\eta(X)Y)+\mu(\eta(Y)hX-\eta(X)hY)\) for any vector fields \(X\), \(Y\), where \(\kappa\), \(\mu\) are constant and \(h=\frac12\mathcal{L}_\xi\varphi\), then \(M\) is called an almost cosymplectic \((\kappa,\mu)\)-manifold. If \((M,c=[g])\) is a conformal manifold with conformal class \(c\), then a torsion-free linear connection \(D\) is called a Weyl connection if it preserves the conformal class \(c\). For any metric \(g\) in \(c\) it carries a 1-form \(\theta\), called the Lee form with respect to \(g\), such that \(Dg=-2\,\theta\times g\). It is related to the Levi-Civita connection \(\nabla\) by the following relation: \(D_XY=\nabla_XY+\theta(Y)X-g(X,Y)B\), where \(B\) is dual to \(\theta\) with respect to \(g\). A Weyl structure \(W=(D,[g])\) is said to be closed, or exact if its Lee form is closed, or exact, respectively, with respect to any metric in \(c\). A Weyl structure \(W=(D,[g])\) is called Einstein-Weyl if the trace-free component of the symmetric part of \(\mathbf{Ric}^D\) is identically zero, namely there exists a smooth function \(\Lambda\) such that \(\mathbf{Ric}^D(Y,X)+\mathbf{Ric}^D(X,Y)=\Lambda g(Y,X)\).\par In this paper, the author studies Einstein-Weyl structures on almost cosymplectic manifolds. First, the author proves that if a \((2n+1)\)-dimensional almost \((\kappa,\mu)\)-cosymplectic manifold \(M\) admits a closed Einstein-Weyl structure is an Einstein manifold or a cosymplectic manifold, and if \(M\) admits two Einstein-Weyl structures with \(\theta\) and \(-\theta\) is either cosymplectic or Einstein. Next, it is shown that if a \(3\)-dimensional compact almost \(\alpha\)-cosymplectic manifold \((M,\varphi,\xi,\eta,g)\) that admits a closed Einstein-Weyl structure, then \(M\) is Ricci-flat. Also, if a \((2n+1)\)-dimensional almost \(\alpha\)-cosymplectic manifold \((M,\varphi,\xi,\eta,g)\) admits two Einstein-Weyl structures with \(\pm\theta\) and the Ricci tensor \(Q\) is commuting, i.e., \(\varphi Q=Q\varphi\), then \(M\) is either an Einstein manifold, or an \(\alpha\)-cosymplectic manifold. Finally, the author shows that if a \((2n+1)\)-dimensional compact \(K\)-cosymplectic manifold \((M,\varphi,\xi,\eta,g)\) admits a closed Einstein-Weyl structure, then \(M\) is cosymplectic, and if \(M\) admits two Einstein-Weyl structures with \(\pm\theta\), then either \(M\) is Ricci-flat, or the scalar curvature is non-positive and invariant along the Reeb vector field \(\xi\).