Zeta functions, excision in cyclic cohomology and index problems (Q2338944)

The author obtains an index theorem, which extends an index formula for elliptic operators on Euclidean spaces due to \textit{B. V. Fedosov} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 4, 339--341 (1970); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 4, No. 4, 83--84 (1970; Zbl 0244.35073)] as follows. The Fredholm index of a Heisenberg elliptic pseudodifferential operator of a formal symbol \(u\) is equal to the trace of the even \(K\)-theory class that is the image of the odd \(K\)-theory class of \(u\) by the index map in the \(K\)-theory six-term diagram for an associated extension of algebras, as an analytic index, and is also given by an integral that is viewed as the evaluation of the fundamental class of the Heisenberg cosphere bundle on the odd Chern character of its Heisenberg principal symbol, as a topological index. A few ingredients without some details are as follows. This formula is deduced as an immediate corollary from that the Radul cocycle is \((B, b)\)-cohomologus to the homogeneous \((B, b)\)-cocycle on the associated algebra of Heisenberg formal symbols of order zero, from which the Heisenberg principal symbol map is to the algebra of smooth functions on the Heisenberg cosphere bundle, where \(B\) and \(b\) are differentials on linear forms on the algebra, with degrees \(-1\) and \(1\), respectively, from which the periodic cyclic cohomology on the algebra is defined and is to be 2-periodic, of two direct sums of even and odd forms by \(B+b\) as a differential. A Heisenberg pseudodifferential operator is a sort of the Fourier reversal formula involving in the reverse a smooth Heisenberg symbol as a multiplication factor, where a Euclidean space is viewed as a product manifold with a trivial foliation. The Radul cocycle is a cyclic 1-cocycle on the quotient of the algebra of Heisenberg pseudodifferential operators that are classical in the sense that their symbols have asymptotic expansions of Heisenberg homogeneous terms, by the ideal of regularizing operators of arbitrary order. The cocycle involves the Wodzicki residue functional as a trace (a Wodzicki-Guillemin trace), viewed as the residue of the associated zeta function defined as a trace with the sub-elliptic sub-Laplacian. Represented by the cocycle is the class that is the image of a periodic cyclic cohomology class defined by the operator trace on the ideal of regularizing operators by the excision map of degree \(1\) in periodic cyclic cohomology for the extension by the ideal. For more details, may refer to \textit{A. Connes} and \textit{H. Moscovici} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 5, No. 2, 174--243 (1995; Zbl 0960.46048)] and \textit{N. Higson} [Clay Math. Proc. 6, 71--126 (2006; Zbl 1120.58017)].