Casoratian identities for the Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials (Q2339506)

Numerous Wronskian identities for the Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials have been studied by one of the authors of the present paper, cf. reference [21] [\textit{S. Odake} and \textit{R. Sasaki}, J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 46, No. 24, Article ID 245201, 24 p. (2013; Zbl 1269.81043)] of this paper. A relation between the Wronskians of polynomials of twisted parameters and the Wronskians of polynomials of shifted parameters is shown. In the present paper, the authors have studied similar identities for the Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials and the polynomials deduced from them, see the following references of the paper: [1] [\textit{G. E. Andrews} et al., Special functions. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications. 71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1999; Zbl 0920.33001)], [9] [\textit{M. E. H. Ismail}, Classical and quantum orthogonal polynomials in one variable. With two chapters by Walter Van Assche. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications 98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2005; Zbl 1082.42016)], [10] [\textit{R. Koekoek} and \textit{R. F. Swarttouw}, The Askey-scheme of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials and its q-analogue. \url{arXiv:math.CA/9602214} ; Report 98-17, Faculty of Technical Mathematics and Informatics, Delft University of Technology, 1998, \url{http://aw.twi.tudelft.nl/~koekoek/askey/}]. A new notion is introduced: Casoratians, which denotes the difference analogue of the Wronskians. In other words, the Wronskians are replaced by Casoratians to establish the results of the present paper. The Casoratians (the Wronkians) identities can be considered or understood as the consequences of the forward and backward shift relations and the discrete symmetries of the Schrödinger equations that govern it. It is worth mentioning that the forward and backward shift relations are the characteristic properties of the classical orthogonal polynomials, which satisfy the second order differential and difference equations. It is claimed that the present paper involves results most closely related in its contents with that of the research given in [23] [\textit{S. Odake} and \textit{R. Sasaki}, J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 46, No. 23, Article ID 235205, 15 p. (2013; Zbl 1269.81042)]. The organization of the paper is such that the recapitulation of the formulation of the Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials through the difference Schrödinger equations are given in Section 2, starting with the general properties of the Casoratians determinants. Section 3 and its sub-sections deal with eigenstates and the Darboux transformations, which form the main part of the paper. In Section 4, the Casoratian identities are discussed for other classical polynomials which are obtained by certain reductions of the Wilson and Askey-Wilson polynomials. Section 5 is interesting because it suggests some possible extension of the present work.