Cohomology theories on locally conformal symplectic manifolds (Q2339794)

The paper deals with cohomology theories for the so-called locally conformally symplectic (l.c.s.) manifolds. A differentiable manifold \((M^{2n}, \omega, \theta)\) is called locally conformally symplectic if \(\omega\) is a non-degenerate 2-form and \(\theta\) is a closed 1-form such that \(d\omega = - \omega \wedge \theta.\) These manifolds are generalizations of symplectic manifolds, they provide a generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics and they are connected to contact manifolds. The authors give a definition and basic properties of l.c.s. as well as of the differential \(d_{\theta},\) called Lichnerowicz-Novikov by the authors, and its integer-shifted version \(d_k:=d_{k\theta}\), \(k\in \mathbb Z\). They focus their attention to a spectral sequence of Vinogradov and Di Pietro and to the development of a theory of primitive forms for the cohomology groups associated to \(d_{k\theta}\). The authors connect and compare partly their results with results on cohomology theories developed in the past. Let us only mention [\textit{J.-L. Brylinski}, J. Differ. Geom. 28, No. 1, 93--114 (1988; Zbl 0634.58029); \textit{A. Lichnerowicz}, ibid. 12, 253--300 (1977; Zbl 0405.53024); \textit{L.-S. Tseng} and \textit{S.-T. Yau}, ibid. 91, No. 3, 383--416 (2012; Zbl 1275.53079)] that are cited in the reviewed text. The spectral sequence of \textit{A. M. Vinogradov} and \textit{C. Di Pietro} in their article [``A spectral sequence associated with a symplectic manifold'', Dokl. Math. 75, No. 2, 287--289 (2007; Zbl 1170.53063); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk, Ross. Akad. Nauk 413, No. 5, 591--593 (2007)] and its generalization form a substantial part of the content of the paper under review -- partially as an object of research and partially as a tool for developing connections among the several cohomology theories. For any l.c.s., the authors define a shifted Lichnerowicz-Novikov differential operator \(d_k\) as \(d_k\alpha = d\alpha + k\theta \wedge \alpha\), where \(k \in \mathbb Z\) and \(\alpha \in \Omega^*(M)\) is a differential form. The authors define their notion of a primitive form using the data intrinsic to the l.c.s. manifold. Note that in the symplectic case, there are two types of Hodge stars available, one of them being induced by the bivector associated to \(\omega,\) and the other one is connected to an auxiliary adapted almost complex structure. For any integer \(k,\) three families of cohomology groups are defined, which are called the \(k\)-plus-primitive, \(k\)-primitive and \(k\)-minus-primitive cohomology groups in the paper. The shifted Lichnerowicz-Novikov cohomology groups are related to the primitive cohomology groups under a cohomological restriction on the form \(\theta\) and its appropriate integer multiples. In the third section of the paper, the Lefschetz-type decompositions are derived, called first and second Lefschetz decomposition (formula 3.4). In Sections 3, 4 and 5, the authors introduce and investigate a filtration \((F^kK)_{k\in \mathbb Z}\) on the space of differential forms that is defined with the help of the wedging with the symplectic form. They prove that its constituents are preserved by the operator \(d_p\) for any \(p\in \mathbb Z\). The filtration and the natural grading on differential forms enable the authors to define the \(0\)-th element of a spectral sequence (a generalization of the Vinogradov and Di Pietro sequence). Using the primitive forms and especially the second Lefschetz decomposition, this initial term is described with the help of the primitive forms (Formula 4.2). Further spectral sequence members are then induced canonically and the authors derive a description of the first element \(E_{k,1}^{p,q}\) proving that it is isomorphic to the \((p-q)\)-plus-primitive cohomology group in the case of \(0\leq p \leq q \leq n-1\). Isomorphisms in the ``degenerated`` cases are given as well (Lemma 4.1). Further, a long exact sequence for the cohomology groups of the shifted Lichnerowicz-Novikov chain complex \((\Omega^l(M), {d_k}_{|\Omega^l(M)})_{l\in \mathbb Z}\) is derived. Its atoms are connecting the shifted Lichnerowicz-Novikov cohomology groups by the appropriate spectral sequence elements (Proposition 4.5). The authors then prove that the spectral sequence is invariant with respect to conformal changes of the symplectic form (\(\omega'= \pm e^f\omega\), \(f\in \mathcal{C}^{\infty}(M)\)). In the fifth section, they prove that the spectral sequence stabilizes at the second term \(E_{k,2}^{*,*}\) under certain cohomological conditions on the symplectic form, e.g., if the symplectic form is \(d_1\)-exact (Theorem 5.2). Using the introduced spectral sequence the authors are able to relate the various cohomology groups that are known to be different in general (see, e.g., [\textit{L.-S. Tseng} and \textit{S.-T. Yau}, J. Differ. Geom. 91, No. 3, 383--416 (2012; Zbl 1275.53079); ibid., 417--443 (2012; Zbl 1275.53080)]). In the sixth section, the stabilization of the spectral sequence at the first term is proved for compact Kähler manifolds. In the seventh section, the authors give an example of an l.c.s nilmanifold, the first spectral terms \(E_{k,1}^{p,n}\) of which is infinite-dimensional for each \(0\leq p \leq n.\) They give also an example of an l.c.s., the first primitive cohomology of which is not isomorphic to the first Lichnerowicz-Novikov cohomology (Proposition 7.2). At the end, properties connected to co-orientation preserving maps are investigated. Especially, the authors prove that certain four-dimensional l.c.s. manifolds, denoted by \(M_{k,n}\) in the text, are mapping tori of a coorientation-preserving contactomorphism of a three dimensional connected contact manifold.