D'Alembert's other functional equation on monoids with an involution (Q2340865)

Suppose that \(S\) is a non-abelian group or monoid (that is, a semigroup with identity) and \(\sigma: \to S\) is an involutive automorphism, for unknown functions, \(f,g,h:S\to\mathbb{C}\). In this paper, the authors find the complex-valued solutions \((f,g,h)\) of the functional equation \(f(xy)-f(\sigma(y)x)=g(x)h(y)\), \(x,y \in S\). In fact, this functional equation is a generalization of the d'Alembert functional equation \(f(x+y)-f(x-y)=g(x)h(y)\), \(x,y\in\mathbb{R}\), in which \(f,g,h:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) are unknown functions.