On Banach spaces with the approximate hyperplane series property (Q2341485)

This paper deals with the approximate hyperplane series property (AHSP) and the approximate hyperplane property (AHP) for a Banach space. The paper is divided into three sections, the first of which, the ``Introduction'', gives some important definitions and a brief historical perspective of the properties under study, their motivation and also a nice presentation with classical results, such as the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás theorem [\textit{M. D. Acosta} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 254, No.~11, 2780--2799 (2008; Zbl 1152.46006)] and the Zizler theorem. This last theorem states that the set of operators between two Banach spaces whose adjoints attain their norm is dense in the space of all operators. This result motivated the question addressed in last section of the paper. In Section 2, the authors start by reviewing the definition of a face of the unit ball of a Banach space (i.e., a set of the form \(F(x^*)=\{x \in S_X : \operatorname{Re}x^*(x)=1\}\), for some suitable \(x^* \in S_{X^*}\) attaining its norm) and introduce the definition of the approximate hyperplane property (AHP). {Definition} (cf. Definition 2.1). A Banach space is said to have the AHP if there exist a function \(\delta: (0,1)\rightarrow (0,1)\) and a norming subset \(C\) of \(S_{X^{\star}}\) such that for a given \(\epsilon >0\) there exists a function \(\Gamma_{X, \epsilon}: C \rightarrow S_{X^{\star}}\) with the property: If \(x^* \in C\) and \(x \in S_X\) satisfy \(\operatorname{Re}x^*(x) > 1-\delta (\epsilon)\), then dist\((x, F(\Gamma_{X, \epsilon}(x^*)))<\epsilon\). The first result states a sufficient condition for a Banach space to have the AHSP from which it follows that every Banach space with AHP has the AHSP. Several results in this section describe classes of spaces with the AHP and then also with AHSP, namely: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] uniformly convex Banach spaces; \item [(2)] finite-dimensional Banach spaces; \item [(3)] separable lush spaces (among these spaces we have \(C(K)\), \(L_1(\mu)\) and their isometric preduals, \(A(\mathbb{D})\) and finite codimensional subspaces of \(C([0,1])\)); \item [(4)] almost-CL-spaces; and \item [(5)] Banach spaces with the property \(\beta\). \end{itemize}} The authors also remark the lack of stability of the AHP under infinite \(c_0\)-, \(\ell_1\)- or \(\ell_{\infty}\)-sums of finite-dimensional Banach spaces. The main result in this section addresses the case of \(L_1(\mu, X)\). This theorem states the important property that AHP lifts from \(X\) to \(L_1(\mu, X)\). From this result, it is derived that, for a measure space \((\Omega, \Sigma, \mu)\) and a Banach space \(X\), it holds that \(L_1(\mu, X)\) has the AHP and then AHSP provided that \(X\) is finite dimensional, uniformly convex, a separable lush space, an almost-CL-space, or has the property \(\beta\). In Section 3, the authors investigate a question based on a Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás version of Zizler's result: ``Given a pair of Banach spaces \((X,Y)\), is there a function \(\gamma :(0,1)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+\) such that for every \(\epsilon \in (0, 1)\), whenever \(T_0 \in L(X,Y)\) with \(\|T_0\|=1\) and \(y_0^* \in S_{Y^*}\) satisfy \(\|T_0^{\star}(y_0^*)\|>1-\gamma(\epsilon)\), then there exists \(T\in L(X,Y)\) with \(\|T\|=1\) and \(y^* \in S_{Y^*}\) such that \(\|T^{\star}(y^*)\|=1\), \(\|y_0^*-y^*\|<\epsilon\) and \(\|T_0-T\|<\epsilon\)?'' The authors first give an easy example showing that the answer to this question is negative but they also observe that the question of whether the pair \((X,Y)\) satisfies the BPB version of Zizler's result, with \(Y\) reflexive, is equivalent to whether \((Y^*, X^*)\) has the BPBp. This observation leads to a necessary and sufficient condition for the dual space of a Banach space \(X\) to have the AHSP. The last part of this section concerns a notion of AHSP for dual pairs \((X,X^*)\) (Definition 3.4) and the main theorem reads as follows: {Theorem} (cf. Theorem 3.6). Let \(K\) be a locally compact Hausdorff space and \(Y\) a uniformly smooth space. Then the pair \((C_0(K,Y), C_0(K,Y)^*)\) has the AHSP.