Notes on several orthogonal classes of flat and \(FP\)-injective functors (Q2341960)

The article under review develops the relative homological algebra for the category \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) of additive contravariant functors from the category of finitely presented right \(R\)-modules \(\mathrm{mod}(R)\) to the category of abelian groups \(\mathrm{Ab}\). To state the main results, we first recall the relevant notions. Let \(\mathcal C\) be an additive category and \(\mathcal B \subseteq \mathcal C\) a class of objects. A morphism \(\phi : B \rightarrow C\) in \(\mathcal C\) with \(B\) in \(\mathcal B\) is called a \textit{\(\mathcal B\)-cover} of \(C\), if any other morphism \(B' \rightarrow C\) with \(B'\) in \(\mathcal B\) factors through \(\phi\), and if \(\phi g = \phi\) for some \(g : B \rightarrow B\) implies that \(g\) is an isomorphism. If morphisms \(B' \rightarrow C\), \(B'\in \mathcal B\), factor uniquely through the \(\mathcal B\)-cover \(\phi : B \rightarrow C\), we say that \(\phi\) has the \textit{unique mapping property}. The \(\mathcal B\)-envelopes (with the unique mapping property) are defined dually. A functor \(X \in (\mathcal C, \mathrm{Ab})\) is \textit{finitely presented} (f.p.\,for short) if there is an exact sequence \[ (A, -) \longrightarrow (B, -) \longrightarrow X \longrightarrow 0 \] for some objects \(A, B \in \mathcal C\). A functor \(F \in (\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\) is called \textit{\(FP\)-injective} if it is isomorphic to \(- \otimes_R M\) for some left \(R\)-module \(M\). Recall that \(F\) is injective if, and only if, \(M\) is pure-injective. \(FP\)-injective functors are injective with respect to the class of finitely presented functors: \[ F \;\text{is \(FP\)-injective} \;\Longleftrightarrow \;\mathrm{Ext}^1[X,F] = 0 \;\text{for \(X \in (\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\) f.p.} \] For \(F \in (\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) and \(G \in (\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\) there is a \textit{tensor product} \(F \otimes G \in \mathrm{Ab}\) such that \(F \otimes -\) is left adjoint to \[ (F(\,\cdot\,),-) : \mathrm{Ab} \longrightarrow (\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab}), \;X \mapsto (F(\,\cdot\,),X) \] Thus, one has a sensible notion of \textit{flat} functors and torsion groups. As a first main result, the author shows that every functor \((\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\) has an \(FP\)-injective cover with the unique mapping property (Theorem 2.3). Note that the existence of flat envelopes in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) with the unique mapping property as been established by \textit{M. Saorín} and \textit{A. del Valle} [Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 210, 321--329 (2000; Zbl 0980.18006)]. Section 3 is devoted to the study of flat covers in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\), respectively injective covers in \((\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\). They are shown to be related to three types of functors: \(\bullet\) the \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-injective} functors in \((\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\), i.e., functors \(F : \mathrm{mod}(R) \rightarrow \mathrm{Ab}\) with \(\mathrm{Ext}^1[H,F] = 0\) for every \(FP\)-injective functor \(H\); \(\bullet\) the \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-projective} functors in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\), i.e., functors \(Q : \mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}\rightarrow \mathrm{Ab}\) with \(\mathrm{Ext}^1[Q,T] = 0\) for every flat functor \(T\); \(\bullet\) the \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-flat} functors in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\), i.e., functors \(G : \mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ab}\) with \(\mathrm{Tor}_1[G,H] = 0\) for every \(FP\)-injective functor \(H\). In Section 4, a precise description of injective, projective and flat functors in terms of their relative analogues is given. For instance, it is shown that for \(G \in (\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\), one has \[ \text{\(G\) is projective} \;\Longleftrightarrow \;\text{\(G\) is \(\mathfrak F\)-projective and flat.} \] In the last section, the theory of \(\mathfrak F\)-injective, \(\mathfrak F\)-projective and \(\mathfrak F\)-flat functors is used to characterise von Neumann regular rings. More precisely, Theorem 5.1 asserts that the following statements are equivalent: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(R\) is von Neumann regular. \item [(2)] Every \(\mathfrak F\)-injective functor in \((\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\) is \(FP\)-injective. \item [(3)] Every \(\mathfrak F\)-projective functor in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) is projective. \item [(4)] Every \(\mathfrak F\)-flat functor in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) is flat. \item [(5)] Every functor in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) is \(\mathfrak F\)-flat. \item [(6)] If \(0 \rightarrow A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \rightarrow C\) is an exact sequence in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\), with \(B\) and \(C\) \(\mathfrak F\)-flat, then \(A\) is also \(\mathfrak F\)-flat. \item [(7)] If \(0 \rightarrow A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \rightarrow C\) is an exact sequence in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\), with \(B\) and \(C\) \(\mathfrak F\)-projective, then \(A\) is also \(\mathfrak F\)-projective. \item [(8)] If \(0 \rightarrow A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \rightarrow C\) is an exact sequence in \((\mathrm{mod}(R), \mathrm{Ab})\), with \(A\) and \(B\) \(\mathfrak F\)-injective, then \(C\) is also \(\mathfrak F\)-injective. \end{itemize}} It is further shown that the class of \(\mathfrak F\)-projective functors in \((\mathrm{mod}(R)^{\mathrm{op}}, \mathrm{Ab})\) is closed under subobjects if, and only if, \(R\) is a left hereditary von Neumann regular ring.