Estimates of the least positive root of the sum of a sine series with monotone coefficients (Q2343920)

Let us make the following notations: \(S\) is the set of all real sequences \((b_{k})_{k}\) satisfying the conditions \(b_{1}>0\), \(b_{k+1}\leq b_{k}\), \(k\in \mathbb{N}\), \(\lim_{k\to \infty}b_{k}=0\) ; for \(m, n\in \mathbb{N}\) with \(m < n\) and \(c\in [0, 1)\), \(S_{m, n}(c)=\{(b_{k})_{k}\in S ; b_{n}\leq c b_{m}\}\) and \(X_{m, n}(c)=\inf\{\xi((b_{k})_{k}) ; (b_{k})_{k}\in S_{m, n}(c)\}\), where \(\xi((b_{k})_{k})\) denotes the least positive root of the convergent sine series \(s(x)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}b_{k}\cdot \sin(k x)\), \(x\in \mathbb{R}\). The main result is as follows. { Theorem 1.} \textit{For any \(m, n\in \mathbb{N}\) with \(m<n\) and \(c\in [0, 1)\), we have \(X_{m, n}(c)=\Psi_{m, n}(c)\), where \(\Psi_{m, n}(y)=\Phi_{n}(y)\), if \(0\leq y<c_{m n}\), \(\Psi_{m, n}(y)=\frac{2 \pi}{m+n}\) if \(y=c_{m, n}\), \(\Psi_{m, n}(y)=\Phi_{n+1}(y)\), if \(c_{m, n}<y\leq 1-(2m+1)^{-2}\), \[ \Phi_{p}(y)=\frac{\cos(y/2)-\cos((p-1/2)y)}{1-\cos((p-1/2)y)}, \;\;p\in \mathbb{N}, \;p\geq 2, \] \[ c_{m, n}=\frac{\cos(\pi/(m+n))-\cos(\pi(2m+1)/(n+m))}{1-\cos(\pi(2m+1)/(n+m))}, \;\;m, n\in \mathbb{N}, \;m < n. \] } As consequences, one gets: { Corollary 2.} (i) Denoting \(c_{n}=\sin(\pi/(n+1))\cdot \sin(2\pi/(n+1))\cdot \frac{1}{\sin^{2}(3\pi/(2n+2))}\), \(n\in \mathbb{N}, n\geq 2\), if \(b_{n}\leq c_{n}b_{1}\), then \(s(x)>0\) for all \(x\in (0, 2\pi/(n+1))\) ; (ii) If \(0\leq c <8/9\), then we have \(X_{1, 2}(c)=\arccos\left (\frac{c-2\sqrt{1-c}}{2(1-c)}\right )\) and if \(8/9\leq c <1\) then \(X_{1, 2}(c)=0\) ; (iii) If \(0\leq c <24/25\) then \(X_{2, 3}(c)=\arccos\left (\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-c}}-\frac{\sqrt{5/4+1/\sqrt{1-c}}}{2}-1/4\right )\) and if \(24/25\leq c <1\) then \(X_{2, 3}(c)=0\) ; (iv) \(X_{1, 3}(\sqrt{8}-2)=X_{2, 3}(\sqrt{8}-2)=X_{1, 2}(\sqrt{8}-2)=\frac{\pi}{2}.\)