Affine images of isotropic measures (Q2343971)

A measure \(\mu\) on the unit sphere \(S^{n-1}\) is isotropic if the norm of every vector \(x\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) can be recovered by integrating the square of inner product \(x\cdot v\) with respect to~\(\mu(v)\) over \(S^{n-1}\). The square of the norm should be equal to that integral multiplied by \(n/|\mu|\), where \(|\mu|\)~is the total mass of the sphere. An affine image of a measure \(\mu\) on \(S^{n-1}\) is obtained by taking an invertible linear map \(A\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and defining \(A\mu(B)=\mu\bigl([A^{-1}B]\bigr)\), where \([A^{-1}B]\) is the central projection of \(A^{-1}B\) onto the unit sphere. The authors establish that a finite Borel measure on \(S^{n-1}\) has an affine image that is isotropic if and only if for every (linear) subspace \(V\) of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) that satisfies \(\mu(V\cap S^{n-1})={1\over n}\mu(S^{n-1})\dim V\) there is a complementary subspace \(V'\) for \(V\) that satisfies the same equality and such that \(\mu\) is concentrated on \(S^{n-1}\cap(V\cup V')\).