Monodromy of a class of analytic generalized nilpotent systems through their Newton diagram (Q2346638)

The paper presents a part of an ongoing research on the monodromy problem for planar analytic vector fields, which goes back to Poincaré. Recall that a singular point \(0\) of a real analytic vector field \(\dot x = F(x,y)\), \(\dot y = G(x,y)\) is called \textit{monodromic}, if the field does not have trajectories that enter or leave the point \(0\) with a fixed tangent. The authors consider the monodromy problem at the origin for two types of vector fields: \[ \dot x = y+f(x,y), \;\;\dot y = g(x,y), \eqno(1) \] \[ \dot x = y^3+f(x,y), \;\;\dot y = g(x,y), \eqno(2) \] where \(f,g\) are real analytic functions starting with at least quadratic terms if (1) or such that \(f_y(0,0)=f_{yy}(0,0)=f_{yyy}(0,0)=0\) if (2) (remark that in the second case both functions \(f,g\) can have non-zero linear, quadratic and cubic terms). They prove that \(0\) is a monodromic singular point of (1) if and only if it can be transformed by means of a sequence of quasi-homogeneous changes of variables into \[ \dot x = y + a_0x^{\alpha} + \cdots, \;\;\dot y = b_1x^{\alpha-1}y + b_0x^{2\alpha-1} + \cdots, \] where \(\alpha > 1\), \(b_1 = \alpha a_0\), \(b_0<0\) and the dots mean quasi-homogeneous terms of higher order. A similar (but more complicated) result for the field (2) is obtained. In fact, the established results express the monodromy problem of the fields (1), (2) through their Newton diagrams.