Kähler differentials and Kähler differents for fat point schemes (Q2348119)

A fat point subscheme \(\mathbb W\) of a projective space \(\mathbb P^n\) over a field \(K\) of characteristic zero is a scheme defined by a saturated ideal the form \(I_{\mathbb W} = \wp_1^{m_1} \cap \dots \cap \wp_s^{m_s}\), where \(\wp_1 ,\dots, \wp_s\) are the homogeneous ideals of distinct points in \(\mathbb P^n\) and \(m_i \geq 1\) for all \(i\). Let \(R_{\mathbb W} = K[x_0\dots,x_n]/I_{\mathbb W}\) be the homogeneous coordinate ring of \(\mathbb W\). The Hilbert functions of such schemes, namely the function \(h_{\mathbb W}(t) = \dim_K [R_{\mathbb W}]_t\), have been of great interest for several decades. The Kähler differential module \(\Omega_{R_\mathbb W / K}^1\) was introduced by the first author and others for the study of finite sets of points. In this paper, the authors extend this to the theory of fat point schemes. They also define and study the Kähler differents of \(\mathbb W\), which are the Fitting ideals of the Kähler differential module. They give a connection to the Cayley-Bacharach property, and at the end they prove the Segre bound for the regularity of a set of points in \(\mathbb P^4\), and they prove that under an additional hypothesis this bound holds for equimultiple fat point schemes in \(\mathbb P^4\).