Value range of solutions to the chordal Loewner equation (Q2348505)

Let \(\mathbb{H}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}\,|\, \text{Im}(z)>0\}\) be the upper half-plane. A bounded subset \(A\subset \mathbb{H}\) is called a hull if \(\mathbb{H}\setminus A\) is a simply connected domain. For every hull \(A\) there exists a unique conformal mapping \(g_A\) from \(\mathbb{H}\setminus A\) onto \(\mathbb{H}\) with hydrodynamic normalization at infinity, i.e., \[ g_A(z) = z + \frac{2T}{z} + \mathcal{O}(|z|^{-2}) \] as \(z\to\infty\) for some \(T>0\). The number \(2T\) is called half-plane capacity of \(A.\) For \(T>0,\) let \(H(T)\) be the set of all such conformal mappings \(g_A\) for hulls with half-plane capacity \(2T.\)\newline \newline Fix some \(z_0\in\mathbb{H}.\) The main result of the paper (Theorems 1 and 2) describes the value range \[ D(T) = \big\{g_A(z_0)\,|\, g_A\in H(T), z_0\not\in A\big\}. \] The authors consider the cases \(0<T\leq \text{Im}(z_0)^2/4\) and \(T> \text{Im}(z_0)^2/4\) separately, in Theorems 1 and 2 respectively. The value \(T= \text{Im}(z_0)^2/4\) is the smallest \(T\) such that the closure of \(D(T)\) intersects the real axis.\newline \newline Furthermore, the authors determine the value range for the inverse functions (Theorem 3), i.e., the set \[ D^*(T) = \big\{f(z_0) \,|\, f^{-1}\in H(T)\big\}. \] Both results are proved by applying Pontryagin's maximum principle to the chordal Loewner differential equation.