On the structure of numerical sparse semigroups and applications to Weierstrass points. (Q2349936)

Let \(\mathbb Z_{\geq 0}\) be the set of nonnegative integers. A monoid of \(\mathbb Z_{\geq 0}\) such that its complement is a finite set is called a numerical semigroup. The cardinality of the complement of a numerical semigroup is called genus of the numerical semigroup. A numerical semigroup is called sparse semigroup if every two subsequent gaps are spaced by at most 2. Let \(g\) be the genus and \(\ell_g\) the largest gap value. In this paper, the structures of the sparse semigroups are considered. In particular, under a condition on \(g\) and \(\ell_g\), the sparse semigroup is completely determined. These results seem to have many applications to the theory of sigma function and Abelian function. Recently, the sigma function of algebraic curves are extensively studied in connection with the problem of mathematical physics. The sigma function is directly related with the defining equations of algebraic curves. The algebraic property of sigma function is shown for certain algebraic curves constructed from a semigroup with \(\ell_g=2g-1\). Since this paper gives the structure of a semigroup of \(\ell_g<2g-1\) completely, it seems to give a powerful tool to study the sigma function of algebraic curves constructed from a semigroup with \(\ell_g<2g-1\).