Mathematical modeling of disperse two-phase flows (Q2350231)

The book is devoted to the mathematical analysis of two-phase flows, one phase being considered as continuous and the other one being considered as disperse, that is, built with bubbles, droplets or solid particles. The book is divided into two main parts and 12 chapters, plus 6 appendices. The first part presents the balance equations for such two-phase flows. The second part presents the closure relations which are necessary for the resolution of such problems. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to the content of the book. Chapter 2 presents the different balance equations which can be written for a two-phase flow at a microscopic level. The author starts with computations describing the motion of the interface between the two phases. Then he describes the balance equations for mass, momentum and energy, in a quite general case, first in an integral form, then as partial differential equations. The chapter ends with a short description of a two-phase fluid and of a single-fluid, and finally of a whole fluid particle. Chapter 3 brings the balance equations obtained at a microscopic level in Chapter 2 to a macroscopic level, using average operators. The author presents ensemble, time and spatial average operators and their properties. Then he presents the classical two-fluid model deriving different balance equations at a macroscopic level and the jump conditions on the interface. The author finally specializes the two-fluid model in the case of a disperse two-phase flow for which he briefly presents the closure relations. In Chapter 4, the author describes the evolution of the interfacial area concentration which takes place between the two phases. He first recalls different definitions of this interfacial area concentration through some examples. Section 3 recalls the Leibniz rule or Reynolds transport equation for a surface. This is illustrated in some examples. The author derives the local transport equation for the void fraction and the interfacial area concentration, and the chapter ends with some considerations on anisotropic interfaces. In Chapter 5, the author focuses on disperse two-phase flows. He derives the link between the interfacial area transport equation obtained in the preceding chapter and the population balance equation. This allows to consider birth and death phenomena through coalescence, breakup, nucleation or collapse processes between particles. Here, the author introduces probability density functions. The chapter ends with the description of the standard or quadrature methods of moments and that of closure problems for the moment transport equation. Chapter 6 describes the turbulence equations for a continuous phase. It starts with the case of a single phase flow, then it goes on to a two-phase flow. It ends with the identification of the closure issues in both cases. The first part of the book ends with Chapter 7 devoted to the turbulence equations for a disperse phase. The chapter starts with some insights into stochastic differential equations, and especially into the Fokker-Planck equation. The author then describes the mean field equations for the continuous and disperse phases. The chapter ends with the description of inter-particle collisions and with a discussion on closure issues in this case. The second part of the book starts with the long Chapter 8, which is devoted to the study of interfacial forces. The author here describes the drag or the lift forces which are exerted on a bubble, on a particle or on a spherical body, in different fluid flows. The chapter ends with computations concerning the interfacial momentum exchanges corresponding to the different cases studied at the beginning of the chapter. Chapter 9 focuses on the mass and heat transfers which occur at the interfaces between the phases. The author first recalls the approximate link between these transfers. Then he considers the cases of a bubbly flow and of a droplet flow. In Chapter 10, the author writes the closure relations first for spherical monodisperse particles, then for spherical polydisperse particles. In the monodisperse case, the author first presents the interfacial area concentration equation which is then linked to the equations obtained in Chapters 4 and 5. He computes the closure laws for the coalescence and breakup phenomena and for a phase change situation. In the polydisperse case, the author introduces the bubble number density transport equation, and the chapter ends with the presentation of some known models associated with this case. Chapter 11 comes to some turbulence models. First, for a continuous phase, the author considers either a single phase or a two-phase flow. Then the chapter goes on with the presentation of turbulence models for a disperse phase. The final Chapter 12 presents the example of a bubbly flow in a vertical pipe. For a boiling bubbly flow in a duct, the author recalls the balance equations. He introduces axisymmetric coordinates in order to rewrite the problem through projections. The chapter ends with the presentation of a numerical method for the solution of this problem. Six appendices complete the book, which gather further computations or tools used in the main chapters. Each chapter ends with a list of references. Some figures illustrate the main concepts which are introduced in the book. Throughout the whole book, the author draws many computations leading to the balance equations or to the closure laws in different situations under consideration. The reader will follow these computations in an easy way, also thanks to the appendices. Thus, the reader will be acquainted with models present in different sciences.