Dynamics of partial differential equations (Q2350234)

This third volume of ``Reviews and Tutorials in Frontiers in Applied Dynamical Systems'' combines two review articles on unrelated topics. The review paper of C. E. Wayne is devoted to the analysis of dynamics of vortices in the dissipative dynamical system generated by the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The review paper of M. I. Weinstein is devoted to existence, stability, and resonant dynamics of localized states (also known as solitary waves) in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (also known as the Gross-Pitaevskii equation). The first review article is centered at the analysis of long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions of the unforced two-dimensional vorticity equation. The linearized version of this equation is a two-dimensional heat equation. The author considers the fundamental solutions of the heat equation, which induces so-called Oseen vortices in the vorticity equation. The analysis is based on reformulation of the problem in self-similar variables, where the spectrum of a linearized operator can be investigated in algebraically weighted \(L^2\) spaces. The \(\omega\)-limit sets and intermediate (metastable) dynamics of the vorticity equation are studied by using center manifold reductions and the energy method. The review is concluded with a discussion of finite-dimensional attractors for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The second review article is devoted to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a bounded and smooth potential. The nonlinear term is of the power form, which does not have to be the cubic power. Energy invariances, linear and nonlinear bound states, and orbital stability theory are reviewed within this context. The examples include the free soliton, the defect mode in a simple potential well, symmetry-breaking bifurcations in a double-well potential, and the localized states bifurcating from the spectral edge supported by a periodic potential. In addition, the author discuss different toy models for resonant energy exchange between a localized state (an oscillator) and the distributive linear waves (a wave field). The discussion is based on the decomposition methods for a dynamics near the localized states with slowly varying parameters and the combination of long-time dispersive decay estimates with analysis of modulation equations. Both review articles are written by experts in their fields. Therefore, many graduate students or young researchers may be interested to read these review articles to grasp the state-of-art in these areas of applications.