Malcev products of weakly cancellative monoids and varieties of bands. (Q2350939)

Let \(\mathcal X\) and \(\mathcal Y\) be classes of semigroups. The \textit{Malcev product} of \(\mathcal X\) and \(\mathcal Y\), denoted by \(\mathcal X\circ\mathcal Y\), is the class of all semigroups \(S\) having a congruence \(\rho\) such that \(X/\rho\in\mathcal Y\) and every idempotent \(\rho\)-class is in \(\mathcal X\). The class of all semigroups which are subdirect products of members from \(\mathcal X\) and \(\mathcal Y\), respectively, is denoted by \(\mathcal X\bowtie\mathcal Y\). The common notation \(\mathcal Q\) is used for the following quasivarieties of semigroups: \(\mathcal U\), unipotent semigroups, \(\mathcal{WC}\), weakly cancellative semigroups, \(\mathcal{LC}\), left cancellative semigroups, \(\mathcal{RC}\), right cancellative semigroups, \(\mathcal C\), cancellative semigroups, \(\mathcal G\), groups. The following notations for (band) varieties are used: \(\mathcal{RB}\), rectangular bands, \(\mathcal S\), semilattices, \(\mathcal{NB}\), normal bands, \(\mathcal B\), bands. Let now \(\mathcal X\) be a class of (unary) semigroups. Then \(\mathcal X\square\mathcal S\) stands for the class of all semigroups which are strong semilattices of semigroups from \(\mathcal X\), and \(\mathcal X\triangle\mathcal S\) for the class of all semigroups which are sturdy semilattices of semigroups from \(\mathcal X\) (that is, all structure homomorphisms \(\chi_{\alpha,\beta}\) are injective). The following classes of semigroups and their interrelations (by inclusion) are described: \((\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{RB})\circ\mathcal S\), \(\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal B\), \(\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{NB}\), \(\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal S\), \(\mathcal Q\circ(\mathcal{RB}\bigtriangleup\mathcal S)\), \((\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{RB})\bowtie\mathcal{NB}\), \((\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{RB})\bigtriangleup\mathcal S\), \(\mathcal Q\bigtriangleup\mathcal S\), \((\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal B)\cap\mathcal O\) (\(\mathcal O\), the class of orthodox semigroups), \(\mathcal Q\times\mathcal{RB}\), \((\mathcal Q\times\mathcal{RB})\square\mathcal S\), \(\mathcal Q\bowtie\mathcal{NB}\), \((\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal S)\bowtie\mathcal{RB}\), \((\mathcal Q\times\mathcal{RB})\triangle\mathcal S\). All these classes turn out to be quasivarieties. It is also proved that elements of \(\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{RB}\) can be represented as certain \(Q\)-matrix semigroups. Additionally, a big number of properties of the above mentioned quasivarieties are found. For example, \(\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{NB}=(\mathcal Q\circ\mathcal{RB})\square\mathcal S\).