Fractional Laplacians, extension problems and Lie groups (Q2351831)

Let \(G\) be a nilpotent Lie group and \(\mathfrak{g}\) its Lie algebra. Consider a family of left-invariant fields \[ {\mathbf{X}} = \{X_1, X_2, \dots X_k \} \] on \(G\), satisfying Hörmander's condition. Consider the (sub)Laplacian \[ \mathcal{J} = -\sum_{j=1}^k X^2_j, \] which is a positive, self-adjoint, hypo-elliptic operator. Denote by \((H_t)\) the heat semi-group associated to \(\mathcal{J}.\) The following result is proved. Let \(\varphi \in S(G)\) and consider the problem \[ \partial_t^2u(t, x) + \frac{1-2s}{t} \partial_t u(t, x) - \mathcal{J}u(t, x) = 0 \] for \(x \in G,\) \(s \in (0, 1), t > 0\) and \(u(0, x) = \varphi(x)\). Then, the function \(u\) defined by \[ u(t,x) = \frac{1}{\Gamma(s)} \int_0^\infty H_{\tau} \mathcal{J}^s \varphi(x) e^{\frac{-t^2}{4\tau}}~\frac{d\tau}{\tau^{1-s}} \] is an \(L^p\)-solution, with \(1 < p < \infty\), of the above problem. Moreover, \[ \mathcal{J}^s \varphi(x) = -C(s) \lim_{t \to 0^+} t^{1-2s} \partial_tu(t,x). \]