Extreme properties of curves with bounded curvature on a sphere (Q2352265)

For the classical isoperimetric inequality for an arbitrary simple closed curve of length \(L\) enclosing a domain of area \(A\), it has been known that \(L^{2}-4\pi A+cA^{2} \geq 0\) with equality if and only if the curve is a circle. The two authors of this paper proved a more general inequality for a closed embedded curve in the Euclidean plane \(\mathbb{E}^2\) in [Math. Notes 95, No. 5, 590--598 (2014); translation from Mat. Zametki 95, No. 5, 656--665 (2014; Zbl 1318.53003)] as follows. Theorem 1. Let \(\gamma\) be a closed curve embedded in the Euclidean plane \(\mathbb{E}^2\). If the curvature \(k\) of the curve is bounded from below by some positive constant \(\lambda\), then for the length \(L\) and the area \(A\) of the domain enclosed by \(\gamma\) the following inequality holds: \[ A\geq \frac{L}{2\lambda}-\frac{1}{\lambda^{2}}\sin \frac{\lambda L}{2}, \] where the equality holds only for a ``lune'', that is the boundary curve of the intersection of two domains enclosed by circles of curvature equal to \(\lambda\). The authors provide more general results in this paper for a closed embedded \(\lambda\)-convex curve lying on a two-dimensional sphere. Theorem 2. Let \(\gamma\) be a closed embedded \(\lambda\)-convex curve lying on a two-dimensional sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{2}(k_{1}^{2})\) of Gaussian curvature equal to \(k_{1}^{2}\). If \(L(\gamma)\) is the length of \(\gamma\) and \(A(\gamma)\) is the area of the domain enclosed by \(\gamma\), then the following inequality holds \[ A(\gamma) \geq \frac{4}{k_{1}^{2}}\arctan\left(\frac{\lambda}{\sqrt{\lambda^{2}+k_{1}^{2}}}\tan\left(\frac{\sqrt{\lambda^{2}+k_{1}^{2}}}{4}L(\gamma)\right)\right)-\frac{\lambda}{k_{1}^{2}}L(\gamma). \] Moreover, equality holds only for \(\lambda\)-convex lunes. It is noted that when \(k_{1} \rightarrow 0\), the right hand side of the second equality tends to the right hand side of the first one.