Nesterenko's linear independence criterion for vectors (Q2354037)

Let \(k\) and \(p\) be integers with \(1\leq k\leq p-1\), and \(e_1,\dots ,e_k\in\mathbb R^p\). Let \((v_1,\dots v_p)\) denote a basis of \(\mathbb R^p\). Let \(\tau_1,\dots ,\tau_k >0, \sigma_1\geq\dots \geq\sigma_p>0, \omega_1,\dots ,\omega_k, \phi_1,\dots ,\phi_k\) be real numbers with \(\tau_1,\dots ,\tau_k\) pairwise distinct. Assume that there exist infinitely many \(n\) such that for any \(j\in\{ 1,\dots ,k\}\) we have \(n\omega_j+\phi_j\not\equiv \frac {\pi}2 \mod \pi\). Let \((Q_n)_{n\geq 1}\) be an increasing sequence of positive integers such that \(Q_{n+1}=Q_n^{1+O(\frac 1n)}\); if \(\omega_1=\dots =\omega_k=0\) this assumption can be weakened to \(Q_{n+1}=Q_n^{1+o(1)}\). For any \(n\geq 1\), let \(L_n=\sum_{i=1}^p l_{i,n}X_j\) be a linear form on \(\mathbb R^p\) with integer coefficients \( l_{i,n}\) such that, as \(n\to\infty\) \[ \mid L_n(e_j)\mid =Q_n^{-\tau_j+o(1)}\mid \cos (n\omega_j+\phi_j)+o(1)\mid \] for any \(j\in\{ 1,\dots ,k\}\) and \[ \mid L_n(v_i)\mid \leq Q_n^{\sigma_i+o(1)} \] for any \(i\in\{ 1,\dots ,p\}\). For all \(n\geq 1\) and \(i\in\{ 1,\dots ,p\}\), let \(\delta_{i,n}\) be a positive divisor of \(l_{i,n}\) such that \(\delta_{i,n}\) divides \(\delta_{i+1,n}\) for any \(i\in\{ 1,\dots ,p-1\}\), \(\frac{\delta_{j,n}}{\delta_{i,n}}\) divides \(\frac{\delta_{j+1,n}}{\delta_{i+1,n}}\) for any \(0\leq i<j\leq p\}\) with \(\delta_{0,n}=1\) and \(\delta_{i,n}=Q_n^{d_i+o(1)}\) as \(n\to\infty\) with real numbers \(d_i\) such that \(0\leq d_1\leq\dots \leq d_p\leq\sigma_p\). Then the author proves the following results. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[1.] If \(\mathbb F\) is a subspace of \(\mathbb R^p\) defined over \(\mathbb Q\) which contains \(e_1,\dots ,e_k\) then \(s=\dim_{\mathbb F}\) satisfies \(s\geq k+1\) and \(\sum_{i=1}^{s-k}\sigma_i \geq \sum_{i=1}^k\tau_i+\sum_{i=1}^sd_i\). \item [2.] The vectors \(e_1,\dots ,e_k\) are \(\mathbb R\)-linearly independent in \(\mathbb R^p\) and the \(\mathbb R\)-subspace they span does not intersect \(\mathbb Q^p\setminus\{ (0,\dots ,0)\}\). \item [3.] Let \(\varepsilon >0\) and \(Q\) be sufficiently large (in terms of \(\varepsilon >0\)). Let \(C(\varepsilon ,Q)\) denote the set of all vectors that can be written as \(\sum_{i=1}^k\lambda_ie_i+u\) with \(\lambda_1,\dots ,\lambda_k\in\mathbb R\) such that \(\mid\lambda_j\mid \leq Q^{\tau_j-\varepsilon}\) for any \(j\in\{ 1,\dots ,k\}\) and \(u\in (\text{Span}_{\mathbb R}(e_1,\dots ,e_k))^{\perp}\) such that \(u=\sum_{i=1}^pu_iv_i\) with \(\mid u_i\mid \leq Q^{\sigma_i-\varepsilon}\) for any \(i\in\{ 1,\dots ,p\}\). Let \(\Lambda(Q)\) denote the set of all \((x_1,\dots ,x_p)\in\mathbb Q^p\) such that \(\delta_{i,\Psi(Q)}x_i\in\mathbb Z\) for any \(i\in\{ 1,\dots ,p\}\), where \(\Psi(Q)\) is the largest integer \(n\) such that \(Q_n\leq Q\). Then \(C(\varepsilon ,Q)\cap \Lambda(Q)=\{ (0,\dots ,0)\}\). \end{itemize}} The proof is based on the geometry of numbers.