Galois covers of \(\mathcal{N}=2\) BPS spectra and quantum monodromy (Q2356786)

Seeing \(N=2\) SQCD with \(N_c=N_f=2\) and its \(N_f=0\) cousin class \(\mathcal{S}[A_1]\) modes [\textit{D. Gaiotto}, ``\(N=2\) dualities'', Preprint, \url{arXiv: 0904.2715}], explained in \S2.3.), defined by quadratic differentials \(\phi^{N_f}_2\) on the sphere, and set \(\phi~{(2)}_2=\xi^\ast\phi^{(0)}_2\), \(\xi:\mathbb{P}^2\to \mathbb{P}^1\) is a double cover, we can regard \(N=2\) SQCD with gauge group \(SU(2)\) and two flavors as a double cover of the BPS spectrum of pure SYM. Alternatively, to associate the unique \(\mathbb{C}\)-category \(\mathcal{C}^{(2)}\) on four objects to SQCD with \(N_c=N_f=2\), and \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) acts on \(\mathcal{C}^{(2)}\) such that \(\mathcal{C}^{(0)}=\mathcal{C}^{(2)}/\mathbb{Z}_2\) coincides with linear category for pure \(SU(2)\) SYM, above arguments transfered Galois theory regarding \(\mathcal{C}^{(2)}\) as the Galois cover of \(\mathcal{C}^{(0)}\) with Galois group \(\mathbb{Z}_2\). This was used in [\textit{D. Gaiotto} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 299, No. 1, 163--224 (2010; Zbl 1225.81135); Adv. Math. 234, 239--403 (2013; Zbl 1358.81150)], to derive wall crossing formula. The purpose of this paper is to make precise the notion of a \(N=2\) QFT having a BPS spectrum which is a Galois cover of the BPS spectrum of another \(N=2\) theory. In \S2, after reviewing BPS states, representation theory, and pure \(SU(2)\) SYM, Jacobian algebra \(\mathcal{J}=\mathbb{C}Q/(\partial W)\), \(Q\) a 2-acyclic quiver with superpotential \(W\) and triangular functor are defined. Then Slodowy-GIM (Generalized Intersection Matrix) algebra and class \(\mathcal{S}[A_1]\) algebras are are introduced. \S2 is concluded to explain Galois covers of (locally) bounded \(\mathbb{C}\)-categories. When \(\Sigma\) is a surface with punctures and marks boundaries, \(Q\) the quiver of an ideal triangulation of \(\Sigma\) [\textit{S. Fomin} et al., Acta Math. 201, No. 1, 83--146 (2008; Zbl 1263.13023)], then there are two fundamental groups \(\Pi(\mathcal{J})\) derived from the Galois cover of \(\mathbb{C}\)-category and \(\pi_1(\Sigma)\). Example in \S2.4.5 shows they might be different. \S3 studies \(\mathbb{Z}_k\) covers of \(SU(2)\)SQCD and pure SYM, with brief discussion on Abelian Galois covers of class \(\mathcal{S}[A_1]\) models. \S4 assuming \(\Sigma_G\); corresponding cover of \(\Sigma\), is defined on the algebraic closure \(\mathbb{Q}^{\mathrm{al}}\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\), that is a Belyi function \(\xi\) exists on \(\Sigma_G\) [\textit{G. V. Belyĭ}, Math. USSR, Izv. 14, 247--256 (1980; Zbl 0429.12004)], non-abelian covers are studied applying Grothendieck's dessin d'enfants [\textit{P. B. Cohen} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 163, No. 3, 605--627 (1994; Zbl 0811.14030)]. In this case, a dessin \(D\) is given by \(\xi^{-1}([0,1])\). It defines a canonical triangulation \(T_{\mathrm{can}}(D)\) of \(\Sigma_G\), and show all dessin d'enfant class \(\mathcal{S}[A_1] N=2\) model has a chamber whose BPS spectrum consists of \(2d\) copies of the \(A_3\) Argyres-Douglas spectrum, where \(d\) is the degree of the associated Belyi function (\S4.5. \textbf{Fact}). The authors say their purpose of BPS spectral covers is to prove the wall crossing formula [\textit{M. Kontsevich} and \textit{Y. Soibelman}, ``Stability structures, motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants and cluster tranformations'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:0811.2436}], which is essentially same as computing the action of the classical limit of the quantum monodromy \(\mathbb{M}(q)\) on the quantum torus algebra \(\mathbb{T}_Q(q)\) [\textit{S. Cecotti} et al., ``\(R\)-twisting and \(4d/2d\) correspondence'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1006.3435}]. This is explained in \S5 discusisng relation between Galois cover and quantum monodromy. The authors stress expression of the quantum monodromy as a product of quantum dilogarithm [\textit{L. D. Faddeev} and \textit{R. M. Kashaev}, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 9, No. 5, 427--434 (1994; Zbl 0866.17010)]. cf.(5.6),(5.7))) holds in the generic case. Otherwise one should work with the quantum KS formula in its more general form, which are necessary to study several physical problems . One should be careful in stating the physical interpretation of the straightforward mathematical results. \S6, the last Section, illustrates the Galois cover of BPS spectra in the context of the class \(\mathcal{S}[A_1]\) theories [Gaiotto et al., loc. cit.] defined by a meromorphic quadratic differential \(\phi_2\) over a genus one curve \(E\), and describe their relations with the root systems of the extended affine (GIM) Lie algebras. Additional examples, technical part in the the proof of some facts in body, and reviews of specific math tools are given in the appendices.