Prime number theorems and holonomies for hyperbolic rational maps (Q2356919)

From the nonvanishing of the Riemann zeta function \(\zeta(s)\) on the half-plane \(\Re(s)\geq 1\), one concludes the Prime Number Theorem: the number of primes up to \(T\) is about \(\mathrm{Li}(T)=\int_0^T\frac{dt}{t}\). The authors prove a dynamical analogue. Specifically, let \(f:\widehat{\mathbb{C}}\to\widehat{\mathbb{C}}\) be a rational function, and suppose that \(f\) is {hyperbolic}, that is, that the Julia set of \(f\) is disjoint from the closure of the post-critical set (the forward orbits of the critical points). For a periodic cycle \(\hat{x}=\{x, f(x),\dots, f^{n-1}(x)\}\) of length \(n\), the {multiplier} is the quantity \(\lambda(\hat{x})=(f^n)'(x)\), and the authors define a counting function \[ N(T)=\{\hat{x}:|\lambda(\hat{x})|< T\}, \] a count which is finite for all \(T\) by the hyperbolicity of \(f\). The main result is that if \(f\) is hyperbolic of degree \(d\geq 2\) and not conjugate to \(z^{\pm d}\), then \[ N(T)=\mathrm{Li}(T^\delta)+O(T^{\delta-\epsilon}) \] for some \(\epsilon>0\), where \(\delta\) is the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set of \(f\). Note that the power savings in the error term is better than what one obtains (unconditionally) in the Prime Number Theorem. Results are also obtained on the equidistribution of the holonomies \[ \lambda_\theta(\hat{x})=\frac{\lambda(\hat{x})}{|\lambda(\hat{x})|}, \] again with power savings in the error term. Both results are proved by a careful study of the twists of the dynamical zeta function, and are preceded by a result of \textit{F. Naud} in the case of quadratic polynomials [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 38, No. 1, 116--153 (2005; Zbl 1110.37021)].