The Euler product for the Riemann zeta-function in the critical strip (Q2357018)

This paper studies the behavior of the partial Euler products: \[ \prod_{p\leq x}(1-p^{-s_0})^{-1} \] as \(x \to \infty\), for a fixed \(s_0 \in \mathbb C\) in the strip \(1/2 \leq Re(s_0) \leq 1\). Let \(\Lambda(n)\) be the von Mangoldt function and define \(\psi(x):=\sum_{n \leq x}\Lambda(n)\). The first main results of this paper states the equivalence of the three statements below, in the case \(Re(s_0) = \frac{1}{2}\). 1. \(\psi(x) = x + o(x^{1/2} \log x)\) as \(x \to\infty\). 2. There exists \(t_0\in \mathbb R\) such that \[ (\log x)^m \prod_{p\leq x}(1-p^{-s_0})^{-1} \bigg / \exp\left[\lim_{\varepsilon \downarrow 0}\left(\int_{1+\varepsilon}^x \frac{du}{u^{s_0} \log u}-\log\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)\right] \] has a nonzero limit as \(x \to \infty\), \(s_0:= \frac{1}{2} + it_0\) and \(m\) is the multiplicity of the zero of \(\zeta(s)\) at \(s = s_0\). 3. the expression in 2. has a nonzero limit as \(x \to \infty\), for any \(t_0 \in \mathbb R\). Also, if the above conditions are valid, then the Riemann hypothesis holds and as \(x \to \infty\), the expression in 2. converges to \[ e^{(1-m)c_E}(s_0 - 1) \frac{\zeta^{(m)}(s_0)}{m!} \times \begin{cases} \sqrt{2} & \text{if } t_0=0 \\ 1 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} \] A similar results is provided for the case \(1/2 < Re (s_0)<1\). The final result of the paper deals with the behavior of the von Mangoldt function in the case \(\sup\{Re(s):\zeta(s) = 0\} <1\).