Solvability problems for a linear homogeneous functional-differential equation of the pointwise type (Q2358652)

Consider Cauchy problem for the linear functional-differential equation of pointwise type on the real axis of the form \[ \dot{x}(t)=\sum_{j=1}^s A_jx(t+n_j),\quad x(\bar{t})=\bar{x}, \quad \bar{t}\in\mathbb{Z}, \] where \(n_j\in\mathbb{Z}\). For \(\mu>0\) it is introduced the Banach space \[ \mathcal{L}_\mu^1C^{(k)}(\mathbb{R})=\{x(t)\in C^{(k)}(\mathbb{R}): \max_{0\leq r\leq k}\sup_\mathbb{R}|x^{(r)}(t)\mu^{|t|}|<+\infty\}. \] Let for given \(0<\mu<1\) there exist numbers \(r_1,r_2\in(\mu,\mu^{-1})\) such that \[ \left(\sum_{j=1}^sA_jr_1^{n_j}-\ln r_1\right) \left(\sum_{j=1}^sA_jr_2^{n_j}-\ln r_2\right)\leq0. \] It is proved that for any \(\bar{x}\in\mathbb{R}\) the Cauchy problem has a solution \(x(t)\in\mathcal{L}_\mu^1C^{(0)}(\mathbb{R})\). Moreover, \(x(t)\in\bigcap_{k=0}^\infty \mathcal{L}_\mu^1C^{(k)}(\mathbb{R})\). Let \(g(\lambda):=\lambda^{-1}\exp(\sum_{j=1}^sA_j\lambda^{n_j})\) and \(\sigma=\{\lambda\in\mathbb{C}:\mu<|\lambda|<\mu^{-1}\}\). It is proved that the solution of the Cauchy problem is unique if and only if the equation \(g(\lambda)=1\) has a unique real root of multiplicity one in the ring \(\sigma\).