On Chorin's method for stationary solutions of the Oberbeck-Boussinesq equation (Q2359364)

Let \(\Omega\) denote the infinite layer \(\{ x=(x_1,x_2,x_3)\in \mathbb{R}^3:\, 0<x_3<1 \}\). Consider in \(\Omega\) the Oberbeck-Boussinesq system (OBS) \[ \mathrm{div}\, \pmb{v}=0, ~~ \mathrm{Pr}^{-1}(\pmb{v}_t +\pmb{v}\cdot \nabla \pmb{v})-\Delta \pmb{v} + \nabla p-\mathrm{Ra} \, \theta \pmb{e}_3=0, ~~ \theta_t + \pmb{v}\cdot \nabla \theta - \Delta \theta - \mathrm{Ra} \, \pmb{v}\cdot \pmb{e}_3=0, \] along with the artificial compressible system (AOBS) obtained by replacing the first equation in OBS by \[ \varepsilon p_t +\mathrm{div} \, \pmb{v}=0, \] where \(\pmb{v}\), \(p\), \(\theta\) denote the unknown velocity field, pressure and temperature deviation from the heat conductive state; \(\pmb{e}_3=(0,0,1)^T\); Pr = Prandtl number and Ra = Rayleigh number (both being non-dimensional parameters); \(\varepsilon\) is a small positive parameter. The OBS describes convection phenomena of viscous fluids occupying \(\Omega\) heated from below at \(x_3=0\) under the gravitational force. The AOBS model has been proposed in 1967 by \textit{A. J. Chorin} [J. Comput. Phys. 2, 12--26 (1967; Zbl 0149.44802)] in order to approximate numerically the stationary (cellular convection) solutions of the OBS. The authors investigate in this paper stability relations of stationary solutions between the OBS and the AOBS when \(\varepsilon\) is sufficiently small (obviously both the OBS and the AOBS have the same stationary solutions). Note that the AOBS is singularly perturbed so the comparison of stability properties is not trivial.