Cable algebras and rings of \(\mathbb{G}_a\)-invariants (Q2359436)

The paper deals with questions related and initiated with Hilbert's fourteenth problem and localy nilpotent derivations (LND). One can naturally associate with LND a tree -- its \textit{cable}. This tree shows preimage structure of zero. This notion generalize somehow notion of sequence of zero preimages of nilpotent operator or Jordan cell. Technique, related with LND and corresponding cable algebras is pretty usefull in questions, related with the Hilbert's fourteenth problem. For a field \(k\), the ring of invariants of an action of the unipotent \(k\)-group \(\mathbb{G}_{a}\) on an affine \(k\)-variety is quasiaffine, but not generally affine. Cable algebras are introduced as a framework for studying these invariant rings. Let us describe the results in more details. It is shown that the ring of invariants for the \(\mathbb{G}_{a}\)-action on \(\mathbb{A}^{5}_{k}\) constructed by \textit{D. Daigle} and \textit{G. Freudenburg} [J. Algebra 221, No. 2, 528--535 (1999; Zbl 0963.13024)] is a monogenetic cable algebra. A generating cable is constructed for this ring, and a complete set of relations is given as a prime ideal in the infinite polynomial ring over \(k\). In addition, it is shown that the ring of invariants for the well-known \(\mathbb{G}_{a}\)-action on \(\mathbb{A}^{7}_{k}\) due to Roberts is a cable algebra. This nicely written paper is also useful in order to understand better the proof of Hilbert's Fourteenth Problem.