The \(\mathfrak F^\omega\)-normalizers of finite groups (Q2360259)

The paper under review deals only with finite groups and so all groups considered in this review will be finite. A formation of groups is a class of groups \(\mathfrak{F}\) closed under taking epimorphic images and subdirect products. Given a group \(G\) and a non-empty formation \(\mathfrak{F}\), there exists a smallest normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) such that \(G/N\in \mathfrak{F}\). This subgroup is called the \(\mathfrak{F}\)-coradical or \(\mathfrak{F}\)-residual of \(G\) and is denoted by \(G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\). Let \(\omega\) be a set of prime numbers. Given a function \(f: \omega\cup \{\omega'\}\longrightarrow \{\text{formations of groups}\}\) with \(f(\omega')\neq \emptyset\), we define the \textit{\(\omega\)-local formation} defined by \(f\) as \[ \omega \mathrm{LF}(f)=(G:G/\text{O}_\omega(G)\in f(\omega') \text{ and } G/\text{F}_p(G)\in f(p) \text{ for all } p\in \omega\cap \pi(G). \] The aim of this paper is to present some results involving some generalisations of the notions of projectors, covering subgroups, and normalizers to the scope of \(\omega\)-local formations. Given a non-empty class \(\mathfrak{F}\) of groups, a subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) is an \textit{\(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-projector} of \(G\) if \(HN/N\) is \(\mathfrak{F}\)-maximal in \(G/N\) for each normal \(\omega\)-subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) and an \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-covering subgroup of \(G\) when \(H\) is an \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-projector of every intermediate subgroup \(K\) with \(H\leq K\leq G\). An \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-limit normal subgroup \(G\) is a normal subgroup \(R\) of \(G\) such that \(R\leq G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\) and \(R/(R\cap \Phi(G)\cap \text{O}_\omega(G))\) is a chief factor of~\(G\). These notions coincide with the traditional ones when \(\omega\) is the set of all primes. A generalisation of the normaliser associated to a saturated formation is introduced in this paper. A maximal subgroup \(M\) of \(G\) is called \textit{\(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-critical} in \(G\) if it supplements an \textit{\(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-limit} normal subgroup of~\(G\). A subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) is an \textit{\(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normaliser} of \(G\) if there exists a chain \(H = H_t < H_{t-1} < \dots < H_1 < H_0 = G\) of subgroups of \(G\), where \(t\geq 0\), such that \(H_i\) is an \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-critical subgroup of \(H_{i-1}\) for each \(i\in\{1,2,\dots, t\}\). Recall also that, given a non-empty formation \(\mathfrak{F}\), a subgroup \(H\) of a group \(G\) is said to be \(\mathfrak{F}\)-abnormal if for every maximal (\(G\)-\(H\))-chain \(H=H_m < H_{m-1} < \dots < H_1 < H_0 = G\) we have that \(H_iH_{i-1}^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}=H_{i-1}\) for all \(1\leq i\leq m\). Some results about \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-projectors, \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-covering subgroups, and \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normalisers are obtained in this paper as generalisations of some classical results for \(\mathfrak{F}\)-projectors, \(\mathfrak{F}\)-covering subgroups, and \(\mathfrak{F}\)-normalisers, respectively. For instance, Theorem~2.1 shows that if \(\mathfrak{F}\) is a non-empty formation, \(G\) is a group \(G\) with \(G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\) an \(\omega\)-group and \(H < G\), then \(H\) is an \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-covering subgroup of \(G\) if and only if \(H\in\mathfrak{F}\) and \(H\) is an \(\mathfrak{F}\)-abnormal subgroup of~\(G\). Theorem~3.1 shows that if \(\mathfrak{F}\) is an \(\omega\)-local formation and \(G\) is a group such that \(G^{\mathfrak {\scriptstyle F}}\) is an \(\omega\)-group, then \(G\) contains an \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normaliser \(H\) and \(G=G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}H\). Theorem~3.2 shows that if \(\mathfrak{F}\) is an \(\omega\)-local formation, \(\pi=\pi(\mathfrak{F})\), and \(G\) is a group with \(G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\) a \(\pi\)-soluble \(\omega\)-group, then every two \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normalisers of \(G\) are conjugate in~\(G\). In Theorem~3.3, it is shown that if \(\mathfrak{F}=\omega \mathrm{LF}(f)\), \(\pi=\pi(\mathfrak{F})\), and \(H\) is an \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normaliser of \(G\), then \(H\) covers all \(f_\omega\)-central and avoids all \(f_\omega\)-eccentric chief factors of \(G\) with order divisible by a prime in \(\omega\) provided that \(G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\) is \(\pi\)-soluble or \(\omega\)-soluble. Theorem~3.4 shows for an \(\omega\)-local formation \(\mathfrak{F}\), \(\pi=\pi(\mathfrak{F})\) and a group \(G\) such that \(G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\) is a \(\pi\)-soluble \(\omega\)-group some relations between the \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normalisers and the \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-covering subgroups of~\(G\). Finally, Theorem~3.5 shows for an \(\omega\)-local formation \(\mathfrak{F}\) and a group \(G\) with \(G^{\mathfrak{\scriptstyle F}}\) a nilpotent \(\omega\)-subgroup that the set of all \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-normalisers of \(G\) coincides with the set of all its \(\mathfrak{F}^\omega\)-covering subgroups.