On a family of KP multi-line solitons associated to rational degenerations of real hyperelliptic curves and to the finite non-periodic Toda hierarchy (Q2360621)

One of the objectives of this paper is to continue the program started in [the author and \textit{P. G. Grinevich}, ``Rational degeneration of \(M\)-curves, totally positive Grassmannians and KP2-solitons'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1506.00563}] of associating rational degenerations of \(M\)-curves to points in \(\mathrm{Gr}^{TNN}(k,n)\) using KP theory for real finite-gap solutions. More precisely, the author focuses on the inverse problem of characterizing the soliton data which produce Krichever divisors compatible with the KP reality condition when \(\Gamma\) is a certain rational degeneration of a hyperelliptic \(M\)-curve. She classifies the soliton data in the totally non-negative part of \(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) which may be associated to algebraic-geometric data on certain rational degenerations of regular hyperelliptic \(M\)-curves. Such degenerate rational curve \(G\) is a desingularization of that constructed in [loc. cit.] for soliton data in the totally positive part of \(\mathrm{Gr}(n-1,n)\) and the KP wave functions are the same in this case. \(G\) is also the curve constructed in the paper for soliton data in the totally positive part of \(\mathrm{Gr}(1,n)\). For any such \(G\) and for any fixed \(k\) between \(2\) and \((n-2)\), she shows that \(k\)-compatible soliton data correspond to a family of KP multi-line solitons (\(\mathcal{T}\)-hyperelliptic) which parametrize soliton data in an \((n-1)\)-dimensional variety of the totally positive part of the Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\). The author explicitly characterizes \(\mathcal{T}\)-hyperelliptic solitons from the algebraic point of view. \(\mathcal{T}\)-hyperelliptic solitons are also connected to the solutions of the finite non-periodic Toda hierarchy because the tau function is the same for both systems. The author investigates such relation from the algebraic point of view and compares the two spectral problems. In particular, the vacuum KP divisor and the Toda divisor coincide, while \(k\)-compatible divisors may be recursively constructed using known recursions for the Toda system. Finally, she also explains how KP divisors change under the space-time transformation which induces a duality tranformation from soliton data in \(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\) to soliton data in \(\mathrm{Gr}(n-k,n)\) and compares the action of such transformation both for the KP and the Toda systems.